Objectives. Catalytic processes involving norbornene (NBN) and norbornadiene (NBD) offer exceptional opportunities for the synthesis of a wide range of hard-to-reach polycyclic hydrocarbons. The problems of selectivity and manufacturability of these reactions are fundamentally important for their practical implementation. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest advances in the field of designing heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation and transformation of promising NBN- and NBD-derivatives with the maintenance of a strained carbocyclic framework in isomerization and dimerization reactions of these compounds.
Results. Various strategies for the selection of catalysts and prospects for the development of heterogeneous catalysis for syntheses based on NBN and NBD derivatives were considered. The possibility of selective cyclic dimerization and isomerization of NBN and NBD was shown. The factors that affect the direction of the reactions and make it possible to maintain the strained norbornane structure were discussed.
Conclusions. An analysis of the current state of this problem showed that at present, the technological parameters of the conversion of NBD and NBN derivatives with the participation of heterogeneous catalysts are significantly inferior to homogeneous systems. In order to improve the productivity of these processes and design catalyst regeneration, further investigations are required. However, some progress in these areas has already been made. In a number of processes, it is possible not only to maintain the strained carbocyclic framework, but also to establish ways to control regio- and stereo-selectivity. In some cases, the use of heterogeneous catalysts allows the process to be direct into a completely new path, which has no analogues for homogeneous systems.

Objectives. The study aimed to develop new effective heat stabilizers based on glycerol esters of monocarboxylic acids for industrial chlorinated paraffins and to select of the optimal ratio of active ingredients in the stabilizing composition in order to provide the maximum thermostabilizing effect.
Methods. The thermostabilizing effect of the studied samples on chlorinated paraffins was evaluated according to the standard method for determining the thermal stability of liquid chlorinated paraffins in terms of the mass fraction of split off hydrogen chloride. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained mixtures of monocarboxylic acid glycerides was carried out using chromato-mass spectrometry.
Results. Glycerides of monocarboxylic acids (oleic, octanoic, hexanoic, and propionic acids) were obtained and identified, and the compositions of the resulting mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters were determined. The stabilizing effect of the obtained mixtures of glycerides of monocarboxylic acids in the amount of 0.5–2.0 wt parts per 100 wt parts of unstabilized industrial chlorinated paraffin CP-30 was determined. The combined use of glycerides of monocarboxylic acids with calcium-containing compounds as a complex stabilizer with a molar ratio of esters/Ca 0.93–0.86/0.07–0.14, respectively, was investigated. Chloroparaffin CP-470, stabilized by the developed complex stabilizer, was successfully used in a polyvinyl chloride composition for cable compound of the brand OM-40.
Conclusions. A proposed variant of a complex stabilizer for chlorinated paraffins based on Russian raw materials for import substitution will expand the range of effective stabilizers for organochlorine substances. Glycerides of monocarboxylic acids are shown to exhibit a thermostabilizing effect on industrial chlorinated paraffins. The relationship between the length of the hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid in the ester and the thermostabilizing effect is obtained. With an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid, the heat-stabilizing ability decreases. The minimum sufficient concentration of glycerides of carboxylic acids was 0.05 ± 0.005 mol/kg, above which no increase in the thermostabilizing effect on chloroparaffin was observed. A synergistic ratio of the components of the stabilizing mixture in terms of thermal stability—glycerides of monocarboxylic acids/calcium-containing compounds—was found equal to 0.85–0.9/0.15–0.1.

Objectives. A key step in the synthesis of natural nucleoside analogs is the formation of a glycosidic bond between the carbohydrate fragment and the heterocyclic base. Glycosylation methods differ in terms of regio- and stereoselectivity. A promising method for the highly specific synthesis of new pharmacologically active compounds involves an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by genetically engineered nucleoside phosphorylases. This study is devoted to the synthesis of a library of analogs of nucleoside heterocyclic bases—5-oxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole- 3-carboxamides—in order to investigate the substrate specificity of genetically engineered nucleoside phosphorylases.
Methods. A method of cyclization of acylamidrazones obtained from the single synthetic precursor β-N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-oxalamidrazone was used to parallel-synthesize new 5-alkoxy/ aryloxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides. Silica gel column chromatography was used to isolate and purify the synthesized compounds. A complex of physicochemical analysis methods (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry) confirmed the structure of the compounds obtained in the work.
Results. 5-alkoxy/aryloxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides were obtained to study the substrate specificity of genetically engineered nucleoside phosphorylases. The possibility of obtaining new nucleoside analogs by the chemico-enzymatic method was demonstrated on the basis of preliminary assessment results.
Conclusions. The physicochemical characteristics of a series of novel 5-alkoxy/aryloxymethyl- 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides were studied along with their potential to act as substrates for the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases.

Objectives. Alkylated derivatives of polyamines are able to block the growth of cancer cells due to their embedding into the polyamine biosynthesis mechanisms. The study aimed to synthesize lipophilic derivatives of norspermine or triethylenetetramine based on the formation of a C–N bond during the opening of the oxirane ring by primary amines to expand a number of synthetic polyamine derivatives with antitumor activity.
Methods. The starting compounds—glycidol alcoholate or epichlorohydrin—were reacted with hexadecyl bromide or sodium hexadecanolate to give glycidyl hexadecyl ether. The key reaction for the preparation of lipophilic polyamines was the amination of lipophilic epoxides with polyamines in the presence of calcium triflate. Acylation of the hydroxyl group formed during the opening of oxirane was carried out by the action of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and acetic anhydride. The introduction of an alkyl substituent in the presence of sodium hydride led to intramolecular cyclization with the formation of an oxoazolidine cycle. The regioselectivity of the oxirane ring opening reaction at the C(1) position of glycerol was confirmed by two-dimensional heteronuclear {¹H,¹³C} nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Results. An approach to the synthesis of novel lipophilic polyamines based on the catalytic amination of epoxides was developed and tested. Compounds based on norspermine and triethylentetramine containing a hydroxyl group at the C(2) atom of the glycerin backbone were obtained. For norspermine derivatives, the hydroxyl group was modified: an acetyl substituent was introduced and a derivative containing an oxoazolidine cycle was obtained.
Conclusions. The obtained lipophilic polyamines can be considered as potential antitumor agents, for which cytotoxicity against various cancer cells will be evaluated in the future.

Objectives. The study aimed to synthesize the multifunctional materials silver-added titanates via reduction of sol-gel fabricating titanates (Fe₂TiO₅ and NiTiO₃) with Jasminium subtriplinerve Blume leaf extract.
Methods. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained materials were determined by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy.
Results. The results demonstrated good dispersion of silver on the surface of Fe₂TiO₅ and NiTiO₃ to create photocatalysts with two light-absorbing regions. The obtained materials were applied as antibacterial agents in polluted water. The Ag–Fe₂TiO₅ (Ag–FTO) samples showed better properties and antibacterial activity than Ag–NiTiO₃ (Ag–NTO) due to the better dispersion of silver nanoparticles on the FTO surface. Besides, the antibacterial results exhibit increased inhibiting activity against gram-negative (−) bacteria as compared with gram-positive (+) bacteria.
Conclusions. Nanomaterials Fe₂TiO₅ and NiTiO₃ added Ag were successfully synthesized. These materials showed excellent inhibition against Baccilus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the Ag–Fe₂TiO₅ samples showed much better antibacterial activity than the Ag–NiTiO₃ sample.

Objectives. To quantitatively describe the thermochromic properties of films of isotactic polypropylene, a large-tonnage polymer widely used in the production of flexible packaging for goods and foodstuffs, as well as substantiate the possibility of covert labeling of transparent packaging.
Methods. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarization photometry, infrared Fourier spectrometry, gravimetry, temperature control, physical and mechanical strength testing.
Results. The identified thermochromic effect of dichroism in polarized light on industrial samples of transparent biaxially oriented film of isotactic polypropylene was studied. A change in the phase composition of the film-forming composition during short-term heating during marking was established. The absence of heat shrinkage and change in transparency in non-polarized light was shown, which provides the possibility of hidden recording of information and its contrast manifestation in a passing light stream at a certain arrangement of light filters.
Conclusions. The causes and optimal conditions of the thermochromic effect are established. It is proposed to use local contact heat treatment of a polypropylene film for covert recording of information and marking of product packaging in order to protect against counterfeiting.

Objectives. There is considerable economic demand for products obtained by processing phosphogypsum. In particular, calcium sulfide-based materials having luminescent properties are the object of intensive study due to the wide range of possibilities for their use. The alloying of the structure of calcium sulfide with cations of rare earth elements leads to the appearance of a glow having various colors. However, the high cost of such phosphorescent materials is due to the high chemical purity of the reagents required for their synthesis. The development of efficient methods for obtaining calcium sulfide-based luminescent materials from phosphogypsum is part of an integrated approach to solving the problem of synthesizing economically demanded materials from production waste.
Methods. The synthesized materials were studied using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Photos of the samples were taken under illumination with an incandescent lamp or a fluorescent ultraviolet lamp.
Results. According to X-ray phase analysis, phosphogypsum is mainly comprised of calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate hemihydrate. Heat treatment of a phosphogypsum sample at a temperature of 1073 K is accompanied by the formation of anhydrous calcium sulfate. In the presence of a reducing agent, a composite material is formed containing a phase of anhydrous calcium sulfate and calcium sulfide. Due to the calcium sulfide content, phosphogypsum has luminescent properties when heat-treated in the presence of various reducing agents, including activated carbon, wood charcoal, vegetable oil, citric acid, starch, and sucrose.
Conclusions. Optimal technological conditions for obtaining a composite material exhibiting luminescent properties are revealed. The successful synthesis of phosphor from without nonpretreated phosphogypsum is demonstrated. Optimal technological conditions for obtaining a composite material exhibiting luminescent properties are as follows: heat treatment temperature is 1073–1173 K; isothermal holding time is 60 min; reducing agent quantity is 37–50% (mol). The study results are widely applicable to processing wastes obtained from large-scale chemical production involving the production of a highly demanded inorganic product.