Effect of adding technologically processed antibodies to interferon-gamma into a parent solution on the structural features of triglycine sulfate crystals grown from this solution

Objectives. Ferroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS) belongs to a group of crystals whose properties are sensitive even to minor changes in growth conditions. The mechanism of spontaneous polarization in TGS is associated with the adjustment of protons which participate in the formation of hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the state of the parent solution plays an important role in the crystal formation. The study aims to investigate the structural features of TGS crystals grown using aqueous alcoholic solutions of technologically processed antibodies to interferon-gamma, in comparison with those of the crystals grown using the control solutions (technologically processed phosphate-buffered saline and intact aqueous alcoholic solution).

Methods. X-ray diffraction assay and Raman spectroscopy.

Results. The effect of solutions of the technologically processed antibodies to interferongamma added to a parent solution on the growth of TGS single crystals is established. This effect manifests in the changing in occupancy of the proton sublattice of the crystal grown from the parent solution containing technologically processed antibodies to interferon-gamma, as compared with the crystals grown from the control solutions. In the case of the crystal grown from the solution containing technologically processed antibodies to interferon-gamma, this change in the occupancy of the proton lattice is expressed in an increase in the length of N2–C3 bonds.

Conclusions. Adding the technologically processed antibodies in the parent solution before the crystal growth can affect the structure of TGS crystals.

1. Yacenko O.B., Chudotvortsev I.G., Stekhanova G.D., Milovidova S.D., Rogazinskaya O.V. Density and contents of water in triglycinesulfate crystals. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Khimiya. Biologiya. Farmatsiya = Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy. 2006;(2):117–121 (in Russ.).

2. Epifanov G.I. Fizika tverdogo tela (Solid State Physics). Moscow: Vysshaya shkola; 1977. 288 p. (in Russ.).

3. Lines M., Glass A. Segnetoelektriki i rodstvennye im materialy (Ferroelectrics and Related Materials). Transl. from. Engl. Moscow: Mir; 1981. 736 p. (in Russ.). [Lines M.E., Glass A.M. Principles and Application of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1977. 680 p.]

4. Stekhanova Zh.D., Yatsenko O.B., Milovidova S.D., Sidorkin A.S., Rogazinskaya O.V., Yur’ev A.N. Dielectric properties of crystals triglycine sulfate, grown from aqueous solutions at the temperatures below 0°C. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Khimiya. Biologiya. Farmatsiya = Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy. 2004;(2):46–49 (in Russ.).

5. Stekhanova Z.D., Yatsenko O.B., Milovidova S.D., et al. Properties of Triglycine Sulfate Crystals Grown from Aqueous Solutions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2005;78(1):42–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0228-9 [Original Russian Text: Stekhanova Z.D., Yatsenko O.B., Milovidova S.D., Sidorkin A.S., Rogazinskaya O.V. Properties of Triglycine Sulfate Crystals Grown from Aqueous Solutions. Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii. 2005;78(1):45–51 (in Russ.).]

6. Epstein O. The spatial homeostasis hypothesis. Symmetry. 2018;10(4):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10040103

7. Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Ju.V., et al. Self-organization and physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of the antibodies to interferon gamma at ultrahigh dilution. Dokl. Phys. Chem. 2015;462(1):110–114. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012501615050048 [Original Russian Text: Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Ju.V., Konovalov A.I. Self-organization and physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of the antibodies to interferon gamma at ultrahigh dilution. Doklady Akademii Nauk. 2015;462(2):185–189 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.7868/S0869565215140170 ]

8. Ryzhkina I., Murtazina L., Gainutdinov K., Konovalov A. Diluted aqueous dispersed systems of 4-aminopyridine: The relationship of self-organization, physicochemical properties, and influence on the electrical characteristics of neurons. Front. Chem. 2021;9:623860. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.623860

9. Konovalov A.I., Mal’tseva E.L., Ryzhkina I.S., et al. Formation of nanoassociates is a factor determining physicochemical and biological properties of highly diluted aqueous solutions. Dokl. Phys. Chem. 2014;456(2):86–89. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012501614060050 [Original Russian Text: Konovalov A.I., Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Mal’tseva E.L., Kasparov V.V., Pal’mina N.P. Formation of nanoassociates is a factor determining physicochemical and biological properties of highly diluted aqueous solutions. Doklady Akademii Nauk. 2014;456(5):561–564 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.7868/S0869565214170174 ]

10. Lobyshev V.I. Biological activity of solutions of substances at low and ultra low concentrations. Biophysics. 2022;67(4):523–533. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350922040145 [Original Russian Text: Lobyshev V.I. Biological activity of solutions of substances at low and ultra low concentrations. Biofizika. 2022;67(4):658–670 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0006302922040044 ]

11. Lobyshev V.I. Dielectric characteristics of highly diluted aqueous diclofenac solutions in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 10 MHz. Phys. Wave Phen. 2019;27(2):119–127. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X19020067

12. Lobyshev V.I. Evolution of high-frequency conductivity of pure water samples subjected to mechanical action: effect of a hypomagnetic filed. Phys. Wave Phen. 2021;29(2):98–101. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X21020084

13. Yablonskaya O., Buravleva E., Novikov K., Voeikov V. Peculiarities of the physicochemical properties of hydrated C60 fullerene solutions in a wide range of dilutions. Front. Phys. 2021;9:627265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.627265

14. Belov V.V., Belyaeva I.A., Shmatov G.P., et al. IR spectroscopy of thin water layers and the mechanism of action α-tocopherol in ultra low concentrations. Dokl. Phys. Chem. 2011;439(1):123–126. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012501611070013 [Original Russian Text: Belov V.V., Belyaeva I.A., Shmatov G.P., Zubareva G.M., Palmina N.P. IR spectroscopy of thin water layers and the mechanism of action α-tocopherol in ultra low concentrations. Doklady Akademii Nauk. 2011;439(1):68–71 (in Russ.).]

15. Brevik I., Shapovalov A.V. Effects of low concentration in aqueous solutions within the fractal approach. Russ. Phys. J. 2022;65(2):197–207 (in Russ.). https://doi:10.1007/s11182-022-02623-3 [Original Russian Text: Brevik I., Shapovalov A.V. Effects of low concentration in aqueous solutions within the fractal approach. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Fizika. 2022;65(2):3–13 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/65/2/3 ]

16. Shishkina A.V., Ksenofontov A.A., Penkov N.V., Vener M.V. Diclofenac ion hydration: experimental and theoretical search for anion pairs. Molecules. 2022;27(10):3350. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103350

17. Slatinskaya O.V., Pyrkov Yu.N., Filatova S.A., Guryev D.A., Penkov N.V. Study of the effect of europium acetate on the intermolecular properties of water. Front. Phys. 2021;9:641110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.641110

18. Penkov N.V. Peculiarities of the perturbation of water structure by ions with various hydration in concentrated solutions of CaCl2 , CsCl, KBr, and KI. Phys. Wave Phen. 2019;27(2):128–134. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X19020079

19. Penkov N., Fesenko E. Development of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for properties analysis of highly diluted antibodies. Appl. Sci. 2020;10(21):7736. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217736

20. Penkov N. Antibodies processed using high dilution technology distantly change structural properties of IFNγ aqueous solution. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(11):1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111864

21. Tarasov S.A., Gorbunov E.A., Don E.S., Emelyanova A.G., Kovalchuk A.L., Yanamala N., Schleker A.S.S., Klein-Seetharaman J., Groenestein R., Tafani J-P., van der Meide P., Epstein O.I. Insights into the mechanism of action of highly diluted biologics. J. Immunol. 2020;205(5):1345–1354. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000098

22. Woods K.N. Modeling of protein hydration dynamics is supported by THz spectroscopy of highly diluted solutions. Front. Chem. 2023;11:1131935. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1131935

23. Bunkin N.F., Shkirin A.V., Ninham B.W., Chirikov S.N., Chaikov L.L., Penkov N.V., Kozlov V.A., Gudkov S.V. Shaking-induced aggregation and flotation in immunoglobulin dispersions: differences between water and water-ethanol mixtures. ACS Omega. 2020;5(24):14689–14701. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01444

24. Chikramane P.S., Kalita D., Suresh A.K., Kane S.G., Bellare J.R. Why extreme dilutions reach non-zero asymptotes: a nanoparticulate hypothesis based on froth flotation. Langmuir. 2012;28(45):15864–15875. https://doi.org/10.1021/la303477s

25. Vainshtein B.K. Sovremennaya kristallografiya: v 4 t. T. 3. Obrazovanie kristallov (Modern Crystallography: in 4 v. Vol. 3. Formation of Crystals). Moscow: Nauka; 1980. 408 p. (in Russ.).

26. Koldobskaya M.F., Gavrilova I.V. Growing large faceted TGS crystals in laboratory conditions. In: Rost kristallov (Crystal Growth). Moscow: AN USSR; 1961. V. 3. P. 278–282 (in Russ.).

27. Malekfar R., Daraei A. Raman scattering and electrical properties of TGS:PCo (9%) crystal as ambient temperature IR detector. Acta Physica Polonica A. 2008;114(4):859–867. http://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.114.859

28. Zheludev I.S. Physics of Crystalline Dielectrics. V. 1. Crystallography and Spontaneous Polarization. New York: Springer; 1971. 346 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8076-4

29. Krauklis I.V., Tulub A.V., Golovin A.V., et al. Raman spectra of glycine and their modeling in terms of the discrete–continuum model of their water solvation shell. Opt. Spectrosc. 2020;128(10):1598–1601. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X20100161 [Original Russian Text: Krauklis I.V., Tulub A.V., Golovin A.V., Chelibanov V.P. Raman spectra of glycine and their modeling in terms of the discrete–continuum model of their water solvation shell. Optika i Spektroskopiya. 2020;128(10):1488–1491 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21883/OS.2020.10.50019.161-20 ]

30. Gavrilova N.D., Malyshkina I. A. The influence of changes in the structure of hydrogen bonds of water on the electrophysical properties of matrix-water systems in stepwise heating. Moscow Univ. Phys. 2018;73(6):651–658. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027134918060127 [Original Russian Text: Gavrilova N.D., Malyshkina I. A. The influence of changes in the structure of hydrogen bonds of water on the electrophysical properties of matrix-water systems in stepwise heating. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 3. Fizika. Astronomiya. 2018;(6):74–80 (in Russ.). URL: http://vmu.phys.msu.ru/file/2018/6/18-6-074.pdf ]