Влияние физической обработки на физико-химические и биологические свойства воды и водных растворов

Цели. Изменения свойств воды, вызванные различными факторами, такими как давление или температура, могут объясняться только структурными изменениями воды. Ученые исследуют изменения свойств воды, происходящие исключительно из-за различных физических раздражителей и без добавления каких-либо веществ. Примерами таких раздражителей являются акустическое и тепловое воздействие, изменение давления, встряхивание, интенсивная вибрационная обработка с последующим разведением, вихревое перемешивание, образование пузырьков и т.д.

Целью данного обзора является обобщение имеющихся данных о том, как вышеуказанные процессы влияют на физико-химические и биологические свойства воды и водных растворов.

Результаты. Показано, что нагрев делает воду менее сжимаемой и снижает растворимость воздуха в воде, а охлаждение повышает ее вязкость. Акустическое воздействие приводит к тому, что структура воды становится крупнозернистой, что сопровождается увеличением количества крупных кластеров, рН и температуры внутри кавитационного пузыря. Высокое давление способствует увеличению таких физических свойств воды, как вязкость, самодиффузия и сжимаемость. Для воды, обработанной пузырьками, происходят изменения времен спин-спиновой и спин-решеточной релаксации, образуются активные формы кислорода, а также наблюдается повышенная растворимость газов в жидкостях наряду со снижением вязкости. Вихревой технологический процесс приводит к увеличению электропроводности воды и снижению вязкости. Интенсивная вибрационная обработка и процессы разбавления приводят к изменению некоторых характеристик воды, таких как электропроводность, концентрация растворенного газа, скорость ультразвуковой волны, рН, поверхностное натяжение, диэлектрическая проницаемость и спектральный отклик. В работе также представлены данные, подтверждающие биологические эффекты различных типов упомянутой физической обработки растворов.

Выводы. Данный обзор показывает, что физическая обработка воды может вызывать изменения как физико-химических, так и биологических свойств воды и водных растворов.

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