Биологические функции кобальта, токсикология и обнаружение в антидопинговом контроле

Цели. В последнее десятилетие чрезвычайную популярность в спорте высших достижений приобрели стимуляторы кроветворения. Этот факт подтверждают и участившиеся громкие допинговые скандалы, связанные с их употреблением. Соли кобальта относятся к данному классу веществ, их использование приводит к увеличению кислородной емкости крови и к мощной стимуляции обменных процессов, что дает несомненные конкурентные преимущества. Применение солей кобальта регламентировано в соответствии с Запрещенным списком Всемирного антидопингового агентства. В настоящее время проблематике выявления злоупотреблений солями кобальта в антидопинговом контроле посвящено всего несколько работ. Лишь единичные лаборатории вводят определение солей кобальта в свою методологическую базу. Цель данного обзора состоит в том, чтобы обратить внимание научного сообщества на токсичность соединений кобальта, последствия их приема, фармакокинетику, проблематику и способы обнаружения ввиду их доступности на современном рынке и участившихся случаев злоупотребления ими.
Результаты. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены основные биологические функции кобальта и клеточные уровни воздействия, токсичность и симптоматика при отравлении его солями. Обобщены и систематизированы литературные данные по основным используемым методам идентификации кобальта как допингового агента. Особое внимание уделено содержанию кобальта в биологически-активных добавках, при приеме которых спортсмен может сдать положительный допинг-тест на кобальт.
Выводы. На основе анализа перспективных подходов и методов определения кобальта, сделан вывод о несомненном преимуществе высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией с индуктивно-связанной плазмой для детекции кобальта как допингового агента. Отсутствие четких требований к методам идентификации со стороны ВАДА и обязательности определения кобальта, несомненно, делает привлекательным прием его солей недобросовестными спортсменами. Ввиду этого существует необходимость внедрения вышеуказанного метода в практику антидопинговых лабораторий в ближайшем будущем.

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