Экстракция фурфурола из картофельной шелухи с помощью дихлорметана: термодинамика и кинетика

Цели. Целью данного исследования является изучение кинетики и термодинамики экстракции фурфурола из кожуры сладкого картофеля с использованием дихлорметана (CH₂Cl₂) в качестве растворителя и серной кислоты в качестве катализатора. Для этого было решено определить кинетические параметры производства фурфурола, используя модели первого и второго порядка, оптимизировать температуру экстракции и оценить термодинамические свойства реакции.

Методы. Картофельная кожура была выбрана для экстракции фурфурола из-за высокого содержания в ней гемицеллюлозы, экономичности и экологичности. В качестве растворителя был выбран дихлорметан благодаря его безопасности, низкой энергоемкости и совместимости с экологически чистыми процессами экстракции. Условия эксперимента включали варьирование температур (60, 70 и 80°C) и размеров частиц порошка (<5 мм). В процессе эксперимента осуществлялся контроль на соответствие реакции кинетическим моделям и расчет термодинамических характеристик.

Результаты. Экспериментальные результаты показали, что кинетическая модель первого порядка лучше описывает реакцию, энергия активации (Eₐ) равна 85.99 кДж/моль. Термодинамический анализ показал изменение энтальпии (ΔH) на 83.14 кДж/моль, изменение энтропии (ΔS) на −86.08 Дж/(моль·К), а свободная энергия Гиббса (ΔG) варьировалась от 111.80 до 112.66 кДж/моль в зависимости от выбранных температур. При температуре 80°C были достигнуты оптимальные условия экстракции, и получена наиболее высокая концентрацию фурфурола методом гидролиза с использованием серной кислоты в качестве катализатора. Реакция имеет энергоемкий, но контролируемый характер, что говорит о необходимости дальнейшей оптимизации процесса.

Выводы. Исследование продемонстрировало эффективность дихлорметана в качестве растворителя для экстракции фурфурола из кожуры сладкого картофеля при оптимальных условиях. Кинетические и термодинамические результаты проясняют механизм реакции и обосновывают ее промышленное применение. Будущие исследования должны быть сосредоточены на моделировании выделения фурфурола из тройных систем растворителей с использованием Aspen Plus для повышения устойчивости и масштабируемости.

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