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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2026-21-3-332-344</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XMULRG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Development of a physiologically relevant method for nasal spray analysis using simulated nasal mucus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка физиологически релевантного метода анализа назального спрея с использованием имитированной носовой слизи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-9431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домнина</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domnina</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Домнина Юлия Михайловна, к.фарм.н., доцент, кафедра биотехнологии и промышленной фармации</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p><p>ScopusAuthor ID 5766084500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya M. Domnina, Can. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p><p>Scopus Author ID 5766084500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">domnina.yulia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-9133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпова Анастасия Сергеевна, к.фарм.н., доцент, кафедра биотехнологии и промышленной фармации</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Karpova, Can. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpova@ipt.ru.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-8493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кедик</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kedik</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кедик Станислав Анатольевич, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрoй биoтexнoлoгии и пpoмышлeннoй фapмaции</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7801632547</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Kedik, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7801632547</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorkedik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>332</fpage><lpage>344</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Domnina Y.M., Karpova A.S., Kedik S.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Домнина Ю.М., Карпова А.С., Кедик С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Domnina Y.M., Karpova A.S., Kedik S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2420">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2420</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Current methods for testing nasal spray dosage forms during development fail to fully assess the behavior of the drug following its release from the container, including subsequent distribution, retention, and permeability across the mucosal barrier. Existing in vitro models typically overlook the critical factor of drug interaction with nasal mucus, which substantially limits their predictive power and physiological relevance. The study set out to develop a physiologically based analytical method that addresses this gap by employing representative simulated nasal mucus compositions to evaluate the key performance parameters of the spray.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The pH of the investigated compositions was determined potentiometrically in accordance with the requirements of the 15th Russian State Pharmacopoeia, OFS.1.2.3.0032, using a pH meter (Econix-Expert, Russia) equipped with an ESK-10601 glass electrode (Izmeritelnaya Tekhnika, Russia). The dynamic viscosity of the compositions was measured using a Brookfield DV2T RV rotational viscometer (Brookfield, USA) with a thermostatically controlled measuring unit ofthe coaxial cylinder type within a temperature range of 25–37°C. The contact angle was determined by the sessile drop method using an EasyDrop Standard instrument (Krüss, Germany). The distribution of nasal sprays was evaluated with a silicone model of the human nasal cavity (Koken Co. Ltd., Japan).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Representative simulated nasal mucus compositions were developed and characterized that reliably reproduce the key physicochemical and rheological properties of human nasal secretions under both normal and pathologically inflamed conditions. An experimental setup combining an anatomical silicone nasal cavity model with an applied layer of simulated nasal mucus was created and validated. The developed model permits quantitative assessment of key parameters, such as the distribution and coverage area of the drug substance upon contact with mucus of varying viscosity. As such, it provides a physiologically relevant platform for studying nasal sprays during dosage form development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The proposed approach offers a valuable tool for optimizing the composition and design of nasal sprays, enabling comparative analysis under conditions that closely mimic physiological realities.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. В настоящее время при разработке лекарственных препаратов в форме назального спрея применяются методы исследования лекарственной формы, которые не позволяют в полной мере оценить поведение лекарственного средства после высвобождения из упаковки, включая его распределение, удержание и проницаемость через слизистую оболочку. Существующие in vitro модели, как правило, игнорируют ключевой фактор — взаимодействие препарата с назальной слизью, что значительно снижает их прогностическую способность и релевантность условиям in vivo. Целью данной работы являлась разработка физиологически обоснованного метода анализа, который восполняет этот методический пробел за счет использования репрезентативных составов имитированной назальной слизи для оценки ключевых параметров поведения спрея.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Водородный показатель исследуемых составов определяли потенциометрически в соответствии с требованиями Государственной Фармакопеи Российской Федерации XV издания, ОФС.1.2.3.0032, с использованием pH-метра (Эконикс-Эксперт, Россия) с электродом стеклянным ЭСК-10601 (Измерительная техника, Россия). Измерение динамической вязкости исследуемых составов проводили на ротационном вискозиметре Brookfield DV2T RV (Brookfield, США), снабженном термостатируемой измерительной ячейкой типа коаксиальных цилиндров в диапазоне температур 25–37°С. Измерение угла смачивания исследуемых составов проводили методом лежащей капли с использованием прибора Krüss EasyDrop Standard (Германия). Оценку распределения назальных спреев по модельной поверхности проводили на силиконовой модели человеческого носа (Koken Co. Ltd., Токио, Япония)</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработаны и охарактеризованы репрезентативные составы имитированной назальной слизи, которые достоверно воспроизводят ключевые физико-химические и реологические свойства назального секрета человека в состоянии нормы и при патологическом воспалении. Создана и апробирована экспериментальная модель, сочетающая анатомическую силиконовую модель носовой полости с нанесенным слоем имитированной назальной слизи. Показано, что разработанная модель позволяет количественно оценивать ключевые параметры, такие как распространение и зона покрытия лекарственного вещества при контакте со слизью разной вязкости. Данная модель является физиологически релевантной платформой для изучения назальных спреев при разработке лекарственной формы.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имитированная носовая слизь</kwd><kwd>назальный препарат</kwd><kwd>интраназальное введение</kwd><kwd>распределение в назальной полости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>simulated nasal mucus</kwd><kwd>nasal drug delivery</kwd><kwd>intranasal administration</kwd><kwd>nasal cavity distribution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eccles R., Meier C., Jawad M., Weinmüllner R., Grassauer A., Prieschl-Grassauer E. 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