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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2026-21-1-120-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QYQWPB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2356</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Technologies for production and treatment of powder materials in thermal plasma of electric arc discharge</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Технологии получения и обработки порошковых материалов в термической плазме электродугового разряда</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1708-5501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самохин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samokhin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самохин Андрей Владимирович, к.т.н., заведующий лабораторией № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005200081.</p><p>ResearсherID: L-8328-2013.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Samokhin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005200081.</p><p>ResearсherID: L-8328-2013.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samokhin@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2499-9229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Николай Васильевич, к.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57197595257.</p><p>ResearсherID: M-1438-2013.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Alekseev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57197595257.</p><p>ResearсherID M-1438-2013.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvalexeev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-4248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синайский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinayskiy</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синайский Михаил Александрович, научный сотрудник, лаборатория № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56901263200.</p><p>ResearсherID: W-2469-2019. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Sinayskiy, Researcher, Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56901263200.</p><p>ResearсherID: W-2469-2019.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms18@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-1787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фадеев Андрей Андреевич, к.т.н., научный сотрудник, лаборатория № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57191970491.</p><p>ResearсherID: A-6273-2014.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Fadeev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Researcher, Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57191970491.</p><p>ResearсherID A-6273-2014.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afadeev@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-2109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асташов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astashov</surname><given-names>Alexey G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асташов Алексей Григорьевич, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55353606400.</p><p>ResearсherID: A-5601-2014. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey G. Astashov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55353606400.</p><p>ResearсherID: A-5601-2014.<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-2109" ext-link-type="uri"> </ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.astashov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9122-5448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирпичев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirpichev</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирпичев Дмитрий Евгеньевич, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23397493800.</p><p>ResearсherID: A-5603-2014. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry E. Kirpichev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23397493800.</p><p>ResearсherID: A-5603-2014.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkirpichev@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-6944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорофеев Алексей Андреевич, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория № 16 (Лаборатория плазменных процессов в металлургии и обработке металлов),</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57222373498.</p><p>ResearсherID: KOC-6589-2024.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Dorofeev, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Metal Processing,</p><p>49, Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119334.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57222373498.</p><p>ResearсherID: KOC-6589-2024.<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-6944" ext-link-type="uri"> </ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adorofeev@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова Российской академии наук (ИМЕТ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Samokhin A.V., Alekseev N.V., Sinayskiy M.A., Fadeev A.A., Astashov A.G., Kirpichev D.E., Dorofeev A.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самохин А.В., Алексеев Н.В., Синайский М.А., Фадеев А.А., Асташов А.Г., Кирпичев Д.Е., Дорофеев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samokhin A.V., Alekseev N.V., Sinayskiy M.A., Fadeev A.A., Astashov A.G., Kirpichev D.E., Dorofeev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2356">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2356</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To summarize the results from studies of plasma processes for the production of specified composition powder materials; to implement plasma processes: plasma-chemical synthesis of nanopowders, granulation of nanopowders, plasma spheroidization of microgranules and micropowders in order to perform nanotechnologies and additive technologies tasks.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Thermal plasma generation was used at the A.A. Baikov IMET RAS by means of direct-current electric arc plasmatrons with a rated power up to 45 kW with self-adjusting arc length and gas stabilization of discharge, as well as plasmatrons with an interelectrode insert. In order to carry out the processes of nanopowders synthesis and metal powders spheroidization, the plasma reactor design with confined jet flow using thermal plasma of reducing, oxidizing, and inert media was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The use of electric arc plasmatron in the processes of plasma chemical synthesis of nanopowders and plasma spheroidization of powders enabled productivity of 0.5 and 10 kg/h, respectively, to be achieved for various metals, alloys, compounds, and their compositions. In the case of the implemented processes of producing nanopowders, where the formation of particles depends on various macro-mechanisms, it was established that the average size of the particles obtained is controlled. This also depends on the synthesis parameters—the initial concentration of the precursor, enthalpy, and flow rate of the plasma jet, cooling rate and vapor condensation. The study shows the results of examining the processes of producing spheroidized powders in thermal plasma flows. These include (Ti, Ta, Fe, Ni, Mo, W), alloys (based on Fe, Ti, Ni, Co, Nb, W, Mg, including stainless, heat-resistant, refractory, hard), compounds (borides, oxides) and compositions (W–Ni–Fe, ZrB2–SiC, Ni–TiCN, etc.). The possibility of obtaining nonporous spherical powders of various dispersity was also shown: for particles of about 10–100 μm and for granules having a particle size of less than 1 μm. The study described the main process parameters determining the quality of spheroidization, including dispersity of precursor, plasma enthalpy, gas composition, characteristics of plasma flow, and their mixing with initial powders.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The research and development results presented here show the possibilities of plasma processes and apparatuses for producing nanopowders of various metal, inorganic compounds and compositions with given properties. The study also confirmed that powders of metals and alloys, compounds and compositions obtained by a variety of methods can be spheroidized in a plasma reactor with confined jet flow in a wide range of melting points, particle sizes, and morphology. The demonstrated approach using successive stages of plasma-chemical synthesis of nanopowders, their granulation and subsequent plasma spheroidization of microgranules enables tungsten-based composite micropowders with dense spherical particles and submicron structure to be obtained.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Обобщить результаты исследований плазменных процессов, обеспечивающих получение порошковых материалов заданного состава; осуществить плазменные процессы: плазмохимический синтез нанопорошков, грануляцию нанопорошков, плазменную сфероидизацию микрогранул и микропорошков для выполнения задач в области нанотехнологий и аддитивных технологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Генерация термической плазмы осуществлялась разработанными в ИМЕТ РАН электродуговыми плазмотронами постоянного тока мощностью до 45 кВт с самоустанавливающейся длиной дуги и плазмотронами с межэлектродной вставкой. В процессах плазмохимического синтеза нанопорошков и плазменной сфероидизации металлических порошков была использована конструкция плазменного реактора с ограниченным струйным течением с использованием термической плазмы восстановительных, окислительных и инертных сред.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Использование электродугового плазмотрона позволило в процессах плазмохимического синтеза нанопорошков и плазменной сфероидизации порошков достигнуть производительности 0.5 и 10 кг/ч соответственно для различных металлов, сплавов, соединений и их композиций. Для реализованных процессов получения нанопорошков, формирование частиц в которых происходит по различным макромеханизмам, установлено, что средний размер получаемых частиц управляется и зависит от параметров синтеза — начальной концентрации прекурсора, энтальпии и скорости истечения струи плазмы, скорости охлаждения и конденсации паров. Показаны результаты исследования процессов получения сфероидизированных порошков в потоках термической плазмы, включая металлы (Ti, Ta, Fe, Ni, Mo, W), сплавы (на основе Fe, Ti, Ni, Co, Nb, W, Mg, в том числе нержавеющие, жаропрочные, тугоплавкие, твердые), соединения (бориды, оксиды) и композиции (W–Ni–Fe, ZrB2–SiC, Ni–TiCN и др.). Показана возможность получения беспористых сферических порошков различной дисперсности: для частиц с размерами 10–100 мкм и для микрогранул, состоящих из частиц с размерами менее 1 мкм. Описаны основные параметры процесса, влияющие на качество сфероидизации, среди которых дисперсность прекурсоров, энтальпия плазменной струи, состав используемых газов, характеристики плазменного потока и его смешения с исходным сырьем.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Продемонстрированные результаты исследований показывают диапазон возможностей плазменных процессов и аппаратов для получения нанопорошков различных металлов, неорганических соединений и композиций с необходимыми характеристиками. Подтверждено обеспечение возможности сфероидизации порошков металлов и сплавов, соединений и композиций, полученных различными методами, в плазменном реакторе с ограниченным струйным течением в широком диапазоне температур плавления, размеров и морфологии частиц. Представленный подход с использованием последовательных стадий плазмохимического синтеза нанопорошков, гранулирования полученных нанопорошков и последующей плазменной сфероидизации микрогранул позволяет получать композитные микропорошки на основе вольфрама с плотными сферическими частицами и субмикронной структурой.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>термическая плазма</kwd><kwd>плазмохимический синтез</kwd><kwd>грануляция</kwd><kwd>плазменная сфероидизация</kwd><kwd>сферические микропорошки</kwd><kwd>нанопорошки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermal plasma</kwd><kwd>plasma-chemical synthesis</kwd><kwd>granulation</kwd><kwd>plasma spheroidization</kwd><kwd>spherical micropowders</kwd><kwd>nanopowders</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-19-00112-П (https://rscf.ru/ project/22-19-00112/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-19-00112-P, https://rscf.ru/en/ project/22-19-00112/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koch C.C. 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