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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2026-21-1-7-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UBVFQV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL BASIS OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Liquid–liquid phase equilibrium for the tert-butanol–methyl tert-butyl ether system with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фазовое равновесие в системах трет-бутанол – метил-трет-бутиловый эфир с глубокими эвтектическими растворителями на основе хлорида холина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-1335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самаров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samarov</surname><given-names>Artemy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самаров Артемий Андреевич, к.х.н., доцент кафедры «Химическая термодинамика и кинетика»,</p><p>198504, Санкт-Петербург, Университетский пр-т, д. 26.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55335306400.</p><p>ResearсherID: I-7156-2013.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artemy A. Samarov, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics,</p><p>26, Universitetskii pr., St. Petersburg, 198504.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55335306400.</p><p>ResearсherID: I-7156-2013. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemy.samarov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-544X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodina</surname><given-names>Natalya Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Володина Наталья Юрьевна, аспирант, кафедра «Химическая термодинамика и кинетика»,</p><p>198504, Санкт-Петербург, Университетский пр-т, д. 26.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57204088812.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Y. Volodina, Postgraduate Student, Department of Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics,</p><p>26, Universitetskii pr., St. Petersburg, 198504.</p><p>AuthorID: 57204088812.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya-volodina-2012@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-3772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приходько</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prikhodko</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Приходько Игорь Владимирович, к.х.н., доцент кафедры «Химическая термодинамика и кинетика»,</p><p>198504, Санкт-Петербург, Университетский пр-т, д. 26.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6508122109.</p><p>ResearсherID: J-4316-2013.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Prikhodko, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics,</p><p>26, Universitetskii pr., St. Petersburg, 198504.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6508122109.</p><p>ResearсherID: J-4316-2013.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.prikhodko@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1863-5528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тойкка</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toikka</surname><given-names>Alexander M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тойкка Александр Матвеевич, д.х.н., профессор кафедры «Химическая термодинамика и кинетика»,</p><p>198504, Санкт-Петербург, Университетский пр-т, д. 26.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603464176.</p><p>ResearcherID: A-5698-2010.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Toikka, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Department of Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics,</p><p>26, Universitetskii pr., St. Petersburg, 198504.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603464176.</p><p>ResearcherID: A-5698-2010.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.toikka@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт химии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Samarov A.A., Volodina N.Y., Prikhodko I.V., Toikka A.M., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самаров А.А., Володина Н.Ю., Приходько И.В., Тойкка А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samarov A.A., Volodina N.Y., Prikhodko I.V., Toikka A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2348">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2348</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. In comparison with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and methanol mixtures, the separation of MTBE and tert-butanol (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA) mixtures represents a relevant challenge in chemical technology due to limited research in this area. Our aim was to evaluate the potential and efficiency of using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green extractants for the separation of the MTBE–TBA system via liquid–liquid extraction (LLE).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. DESs were prepared by mixing and heating a hydrogen bond acceptor (choline chloride, ChCl) with hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) as follows: malonic acid (1 : 1 molar ratio), glutaric acid (1 : 1), urea (1 : 2), and glycerol (1 : 2). Liquid–liquid phase equilibrium was experimentally studied in four ternary systems containing MTBE, TBA, and DES at temperatures of 293.15 and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The compositions of the equilibrium liquid phases were determined using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (500 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d6).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The experimental data allowed the key extraction parameters to be calculated: distribution coefficients for TBA and selectivity for MTBE–TBA separation for each investigated DES. A comparative analysis of the extraction capacity of the synthesized solvents toward the separated components was performed. The experimental phase equilibrium data confirm the fundamental possibility of using the ChCl-based DESs under study as extractants for separating the MTBE–TBA system. The calculated selectivity and distribution coefficient values allow the efficiency of various HBDs within the DES composition to be evaluated for solving this separation task. The comparative analysis of the DES extraction capacity showed a dependence of selectivity on the HBD and a slight dependence of selectivity on temperature. The highest selectivity values were observed for DESs based on ChCl/glycerol (1 : 2) and ChCl/urea (1 : 2) systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The feasibility of using DESs based on choline chloride with malonic acid, glutaric acid, urea, and glycerol as extractants for separating the MTBE–TBA mixture by LLE method has been experimentally confirmed. The calculated distribution coefficients and selectivity values enable a quantitative assessment and comparison of the efficiency of different DESs for this task, identifying the most promising compositions. The results obtained can be used as the basis for further development and optimization of the LLE process for MTBE and TBA using promising green solvents.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Разделение смеси метил-трет-бутилового эфира (МТБЭ) и трет-бутанола или трет-бутилового спирта (ТБС) представляет собой актуальную задачу химической технологии из-за ограниченных исследований в этой области по сравнению со смесью МТБЭ–метанол. Целью данной работы является оценка возможности и эффективности использования глубоких эвтектических растворителей (ГЭР) на основе хлорида холина в качестве «зеленых» экстрагентов для разделения смеси МТБЭ–ТБС методом жидкостно-жидкостной экстракции (ЖЖЭ).</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. ГЭР были приготовлены методом смешения и нагревания акцептора водородной связи с соответствующими донорами водородной связи в определенных молярных соотношениях. Экспериментально изучено фазовое равновесие жидкость–жидкость в четырех трехкомпонентных системах, содержащих МТБЭ, ТБС и ГЭР на основе хлорида холина в сочетании с малоновой кислотой (1 : 1), глутаровой кислотой (1 : 1), мочевиной (1 : 2) и глицерином (1 : 2). Эксперименты проведены при температурах 293.15 и 315.15 K и атмосферном давлении. Определены составы равновесных жидких фаз методом спектроскопии ядерного магнитного резонанса 1Н (500 МГц, диметилсульфоксид-d6).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На основе экспериментальных данных рассчитаны ключевые параметры экстракции: коэффициенты распределения для ТБС и селективность разделения МТБЭ–ТБС для каждого из исследованных ГЭР. Проведен сравнительный анализ экстракционной способности исследуемых ГЭР по отношению к разделяемым компонентам. Экспериментальные данные по фазовому равновесию подтверждают принципиальную возможность использования исследованных ГЭР на основе хлорида холина в качестве экстрагентов для разделения смеси МТБЭ–ТБС. Рассчитанные значения селективности и коэффициентов распределения позволяют оценить относительную эффективность различных доноров водородной связи в составе ГЭР для данной задачи разделения. Сравнительный анализ экстракционной способности ГЭР показал сильную зависимость селективности от природы донора водородной связи и ее незначительную зависимость от температуры. Наибольшие значения селективности наблюдались для ГЭР на основе систем хлорида холина с глицерином (1 : 2) и хлорида холина с мочевиной (1 : 2).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Экспериментально подтверждена возможность использования ГЭР на основе хлорида холина в комбинации с малоновой кислотой, глутаровой кислотой, мочевиной и глицерином в качестве эффективных экстрагентов для разделения смеси МТБЭ–ТБС методом ЖЖЭ. Рассчитанные коэффициенты распределения и селективности позволили количественно оценить и сравнить эффективность различных ГЭР для данной задачи, выявив наиболее перспективные составы. Полученные результаты представляют собой необходимую основу для дальнейшей разработки и оптимизации процесса ЖЖЭ МТБЭ и ТБС с использованием перспективных «зеленых» растворителей.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>равновесие жидкость–жидкость</kwd><kwd>глубокие эвтектические растворители</kwd><kwd>метил-трет-бутиловый эфир</kwd><kwd>трет-бутанол</kwd><kwd>экстракция</kwd><kwd>селективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquid–liquid equilibrium</kwd><kwd>deep eutectic solvents</kwd><kwd>methyl tert-butyl ether</kwd><kwd>tert-butanol</kwd><kwd>extraction</kwd><kwd>selectivity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 24-23-00054). Авторы выражают благодарность Ресурсному центру СПбГУ «Магнитно-резонансные методы исследования» за помощь в проведении аналитических исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 24-23-00054). The authors acknowledge the Resource Center of Saint Petersburg State University “Magnetic Resonance Research Center” for the help in analytical investigations.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li S., Qian K., Wang S., Liang K., Yan W. Polypyrrole-Grafted Coconut Shell Biological Carbon as a Potential Adsorbent for Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Removal: Characterization and Adsorption Capability. Int. J. Environ. Res. 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