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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2025-20-6-594-611</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XIVTBW</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИНТЕЗ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ПОЛИМЕРОВ И КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Influence of the structure of phosphorus(III)-containing oligoester(meth)acrylates on the physical and mechanical properties, thermal stability, and combustion mechanisms of cured polymers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние строения фосфор(III)-содержащих олигоэфир(мет)акрилатов на физико-механические свойства, термическую стабильность и механизмы горения отвержденных полимеров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-571X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буравов</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buravov</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буравов Борис Андреевич, к.х.н., доцент, кафедра общей и неорганической химии; старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория полимерных, композитных и гибридных функциональных материалов</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57972246000, ResearcherID AAH-5810-2021</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Buravov, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Polymer, Composite and Hybrid Functional Materials</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57972246000, ResearcherID AAH-5810-2021</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">byravov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4491-494X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Хамзави</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Hamzawi</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Хамзави Али, преподаватель, кафедра химической технологии, технический факультет</p><p>Scopus Author ID 52902445200, ResearсherID M-2885-2017</p><p>58002, г. Эд-Дивания, район Аль-Джамаа, Сунния</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali Al-Hamzawi, Lecturer, Department of Chemical Technology, Technical Faculty</p><p>Scopus Author ID 52902445200, ResearсherID M-2885-2017</p><p>Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Diwaniyah, 58002 Iraq</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ali.alhamzawi80@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиев</surname><given-names>Р. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhiev</surname><given-names>R. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаджиев Рашид Бахман-оглы, старший преподаватель, кафедра общей и неорганической химии</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rashid B. Gadzhiev, Senior lecturer, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rbgadgiev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Светлана Авасхановна, к.т.н., доцент кафедры общей и неорганической химии,</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Orlova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry</p><p>ResearcherID MCY-1139-2025</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osa5538@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8085-5071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донецкова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donetskova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецкова Любовь Юрьевна, аспирант, ассистент, кафедра общей и неорганической химии</p><p>Scopus Author ID 58849621700, ResearcherID KII-1406-2024</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov Yu. Donetskova, Postgraduate Student, Assistant, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry</p><p>Scopus Author ID 58849621700, ResearcherID KII-1406-2024</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lovedonetskova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5040-3683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломахин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomakhin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соломахин Семён Михайлович, аспирант, инженер, кафедра общей и неорганической химии</p><p>Scopus Author ID 59412397400, ResearcherID AFG-4109-2022</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semyon M. Solomakhin, Postgraduate Student, Engineer, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry</p><p>Scopus Author ID 59412397400, ResearcherID AFG-4109-2022</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solomakhin-sim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-0822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Сергей Владимирович, к.т.н., доцент, кафедра химии и технологии переработки эластомеров; старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория полимерных, композитных и гибридных функциональных материалов</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57193435253, Researcher ID AAF-1221-2021</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Borisov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Processing Technology of Elastomers; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Polymer, Composite and Hybrid Functional Materials</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57193435253, ResearcherID AAF-1221-2021</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisov.volgograd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1633-0518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фоменко Ольга Сергеевна, к.ф.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Fomenko, Cand. Sci. (Philol.), Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">folgase@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-8318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубачев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubachev</surname><given-names>S. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубачев Станислав Альбертович, к.ф.-м.н., старший преподаватель, кафедра общей физики, физический факультет; научный сотрудник, лаборатория кинетики процессов горения</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57198490232, ResearcherID T-3224-2019</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Trubachev, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assistant Professor, Department of General Physics, Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Kinetics and Combustion</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57198490232, ResearcherID T-3224-2019</p><p>3, Institutskaya ul., Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trubachev@kinetics.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-8484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Палецкий</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paletsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Палецкий Александр Анатольевич, д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория кинетики процессов горения</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6602774865, ResearcherID B-1171-2014</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksander A. Paletsky, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Kinetics and Combustion</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6602774865, ResearcherID B-1171-2014</p><p>3, Institutskaya ul., Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paletsky@kinetics.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-7638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаков</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмаков Андрей Геннадьевич, д.х.н., старший преподаватель, кафедра химической и биологической физики, физический факультет, ФГАОУ ВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»; заведующий лабораторией кинетики процессов горения</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7006640724, ResearcherID A-9996-2014</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Shmakov, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University;  Head of the Laboratory of Kinetics and Combustion</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7006640724, ResearcherID A-9996-2014</p><p>3, Institutskaya ul., Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shmakov@kinetics.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1893-2861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тужиков</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuzhikov</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тужиков Олег Иванович, д.х.н., профессор, кафедра технологии высокомолекулярных и волокнистых материалов</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6507272270</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg I. Tuzhikov, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Department of Technology of Macromolecular and Fibrous Materials</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6507272270</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tuzhikov_oi@vstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-8896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тужиков</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuzhikov</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тужиков Олег Олегович, д.т.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой общей и неорганической химии</p><p>Scopus Author ID 12645529200</p><p>400005, Волгоград, пр-т им. В.И. Ленина, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg O. Tuzhikov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry</p><p>Scopus Author ID 12645529200</p><p>28, pr. im. V.I. Lenina, Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tuzhikovoleg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Аль-Кадисия</institution><country>Ирак</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Qadisiyah University</institution><country>Iraq</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт химической кинетики и горения им. В.В. Воеводского, Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>594</fpage><lpage>611</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Buravov B.A., Al-Hamzawi A., Gadzhiev R.B., Orlova S.A., Donetskova L.Y., Solomakhin S.M., Borisov S.V., Fomenko O.S., Trubachev S.А., Paletsky A.A., Shmakov A.G., Tuzhikov O.И., Tuzhikov O.O., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буравов Б.А., Аль-Хамзави А., Гаджиев Р.Б., Орлова С.А., Донецкова Л.Ю., Соломахин С.М., Борисов С.В., Фоменко О.С., Трубачев С.А., Палецкий А.А., Шмаков А.Г., Тужиков О.И., Тужиков О.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Buravov B.A., Al-Hamzawi A., Gadzhiev R.B., Orlova S.A., Donetskova L.Y., Solomakhin S.M., Borisov S.V., Fomenko O.S., Trubachev S.А., Paletsky A.A., Shmakov A.G., Tuzhikov O., Tuzhikov O.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2337">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2337</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The work sets out to investigate the influence of the structure of spacer in structure of phosphorus(III)-containing oligoester(meth)acrylates on physical and mechanical properties of polymers and their combustibility.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The physical and mechanical properties of polymers were determined using the following: DMA 242 E Artemis dynamic mechanical analyzer (NETZSCH, Germany); universal testing machine for standard tests on materials (ZwickRoell Group, Germany); GT-7045-HMH(L) impact test machine (Gotech Testing Machines, Inc., Taiwan); Q-1500 D derivatograph of the Paulic–Paulic– Erdey system (thermogravimetry, IOM, Hungary); Oxygen Index Module device for determination of burning behavior by plastic flammability testing according to oxygen index (Concept Equipment, United Kingdom); GT-7045-HMH(L) device for determination of the Vicat softening temperature (Gotech Testing Machines, Inc., Taiwan); SFT-110XW supercritical fluid extractor (Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc., USA) for supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The influence of the spacer structure in the structure of phosphorus(III)-containing oligoester(meth)acrylates on the dynamic mechanical and physicomechanical properties of polymers was established. Comparative assessment of the impact of the spacer structure on properties of polymers was carried out in terms of their heat stability (thermogravimetric analysis) and combustibility (measurement of limited oxygen index). It is established that polymers having balanced physical and mechanical properties can be obtained by introducing spacer characteristics into the oligomer structure. Polymers obtained on the basis of phosphorus(III)-containing oligoester(meth)acrylates with spacers demonstrate considerable resistance to impact strength tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The achieved results testify to the possibility of obtaining polymers on the basis of phosphorus(III)-containing oligoester(meth)acrylates with spacer attributes that possess increased resistance to impact strength and thermal stability tests at an insignificant decrease in their combustibility.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Исследование влияния строения спейсера в структуре фосфор(III)-содержащих олигоэфир(мет)акрилатов на физико- механические свойства полимеров и их горючесть.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Физико-механические свойства полимеров определяли с помощью динамического механического анализатора DMA 242 E Artemis (NETZSCH, Германия); универсальной машины для испытаний (ZwickRoell Group, Германия); копера GT-7045-HMH(L) (Gotech Testing Machines, Inc., Тайвань); дериватографа Q-1500 D системы Паулик–Паулик–Эрдей (термогравиметрические исследования, МОМ, Венгрия); установки «Oxygen Index Module» для определения кислородного индекса пластмасс — Fire Testing (Concept Equipment, Великобритания), прибора  Копер GT-7045-HMH(L) для определения температуры размягчения по Вика (Gotech Testing Machines, Inc., Тайвань); сверхкритического флюидного экстрактора SFT-110XW (Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc., США) для флюидной экстракции сверхкритическим диоксидом углерода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено влияние строения спейсера в структуре фосфор(III)-содержащих олигоэфир(мет)акрилатов на динамические механические и физико-механические свойства полимеров. Сделана сопоставительная оценка влияния строения спейсера на свойства полимеров, их термостабильность (проведен термогравиметрический анализ) и горючесть (измерен кислородный индекс). Установлено, что введение спейсера в структуру олигомера приводит к получению полимеров со сбалансированными физико-механическими свойствами. Полимеры на основе фосфор(III)-содержащих олигоэфир(мет)акрилатов со спейсерами обладают значительно большим сопротивлением ударным нагрузкам.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Достигнутые результаты свидетельствуют о возможности получения полимеров на основе фосфор(III)-содержащих олигоэфир(мет)акрилатов со спейсером, обладающих повышенным сопротивлением ударным нагрузкам и термостойкостью при незначительном снижении их горючести.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спейсер</kwd><kwd>фосфорсодержащие полимеры</kwd><kwd>динамический механический анализ</kwd><kwd>кислородный индекс</kwd><kwd>сопряженная модель горения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spacer</kwd><kwd>phosphorus-containing polymers</kwd><kwd>dynamic mechanical analysis</kwd><kwd>DMA</kwd><kwd>limited oxygen index</kwd><kwd>coupled combustion model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 25-29-00161) с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования Волгоградского государственного технического университета.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 25-29-00161) using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use at the Volgograd State Technical University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тужиков О.И., Хохлова Т.В., Бондаренко С.Н., Зотов С.Б., Тужиков О.О., Рахмангулова Н.И. 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