Objectives

chemicallytech

Fine Chemical Technologies

Тонкие химические технологии

2410-65932686-7575

MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).

10.32362/2410-6593-2025-20-5-454-473

NYBHED

chemicallytech-2302

Research Article

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

ХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

Dichloromethane solvent for furfural recovery from potato peels: Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations

Экстракция фурфурола из картофельной шелухи с помощью дихлорметана: термодинамика и кинетика

Abubakar

А. М.

Abubakar

A. M.

Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Master (Eng.), Lecturer

P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State

Scopus Author ID 58150539400

Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Master (Eng.), Lecturer

P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State

Scopus Author ID 58150539400

abdulhalim@mau.edu.ng

Umar

I. T.

Umar

I. T.

Iyisikwe Tanimu Umar, Bachelor (Eng.), Undergraduate Student

P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State

Iyisikwe Tanimu Umar, Bachelor (Eng.), Undergraduate Student

P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State

iyisikwetanimu@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3047-3116

Akintunde

A.-G.M.

Akintunde

A.-G.M.

Abass-Giwa Muhammed Akintunde, Bachelor (Eng.), Undergraduate Student

P.M.B. 1069, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State

Abass-Giwa Muhammed Akintunde, Bachelor (Eng.), Undergraduate Student

P.M.B. 1069, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State

akintundemuhammedabass-giwa@unimaid.edu.ng

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0592-8985

Aliyu

М. J.

Aliyu

M. .J.

Muhammad Jimada Aliyu, Bachelor (Eng.), Graduate Trainee Engineer

P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State

Muhammad Jimada Aliyu, Bachelor (Eng.), Graduate Trainee Engineer

P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State

ajimada.m1600354@st.futminna.edu.ng

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7371-6364

Al-Hedrewy

М.

Al-Hedrewy

Marwea Al-Hedrewy, PhD., Associate Professor

Al Diwaniyah, Iraq

ScopusAuthor ID 59331742300

Marwea Al-Hedrewy, PhD., Associate Professor

Al Diwaniyah, Iraq

ScopusAuthor ID 59331742300

mereng@iunajaf.edu.iq

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6546-279X

Raheja

Uday Raheja, Bachelor (Eng.), Student

140401, Rajpura, Punjab

Uday Raheja, Bachelor (Eng.), Student

140401, Rajpura, Punjab

uday_raheja@outlook.com

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama UniversityНигерияDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama UniversityNigeria

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of MaiduguriНигерияDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of MaiduguriNigeria

Chemical Engineering Department, School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering and Technology, Federal University of TechnologyНигерияChemical Engineering Department, School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering and Technology, Federal University of TechnologyNigeria

College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al DiwaniyahИракCollege of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al DiwaniyahIraq

Center for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology (CUIET)ИндияCenter for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology (CUIET)India

2025

07112025

205454473

2025

Abubakar А.М., Umar I.T., Akintunde A., Aliyu М.J., Al-Hedrewy М., Raheja U.

Abubakar A.M., Umar I.T., Akintunde A., Aliyu M..., Al-Hedrewy M., Raheja U.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2302

Objectives

Objectives. This study aims to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of furfural extraction from sweet potato peels using dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as a solvent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. To that end, we set out to determine the kinetic parameters for furfural production using first- and second-order models, optimize the extraction temperature, and evaluate the thermodynamic properties of the reaction.

Methods

Methods. Potato peels, selected for their high hemicellulose content, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, were processed with dichloromethane, selected for its safety, low energy requirements, and compatibility with green extraction processes. Experimental conditions involved varying temperatures (60, 70, and 80°C) and peel powder particle sizes (<5 mm), with the reaction being monitored to fit kinetic models and calculate thermodynamic properties.

Results

Results. Experimental findings revealed that the first-order kinetic model provided the best fit, with an activation energy (Eₐ) of 85.99 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic analysis showed an enthalpy change (ΔH) of 83.14 kJ/mol, entropy change (ΔS) of −86.08 J/(mol·K), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values ranging from 111.80 to 112.66 kJ/mol across the studied temperatures. Optimal extraction conditions were achieved at 80°C, yielding the highest furfural concentration through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The energy-intensive yet controlled nature of the reaction highlights the need for further optimization.

Conclusions

Conclusions. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of dichloromethane as a solvent for furfural extraction from sweet potato peels under optimized conditions. The kinetic and thermodynamic findings elucidate the reaction mechanism and its industrial applicability. Future studies should focus on simulating furfural separation from ternary solvent systems using Aspen Plus to enhance sustainability and scalability.

Цели

Цели. Целью данного исследования является изучение кинетики и термодинамики экстракции фурфурола из кожуры сладкого картофеля с использованием дихлорметана (CH2Cl2) в качестве растворителя и серной кислоты в качестве катализатора. Для этого было решено определить кинетические параметры производства фурфурола, используя модели первого и второго порядка, оптимизировать температуру экстракции и оценить термодинамические свойства реакции.

Методы

Методы. Картофельная кожура была выбрана для экстракции фурфурола из-за высокого содержания в ней гемицеллюлозы, экономичности и экологичности. В качестве растворителя был выбран дихлорметан благодаря его безопасности, низкой энергоемкости и совместимости с экологически чистыми процессами экстракции. Условия эксперимента включали варьирование температур (60, 70 и 80°C) и размеров частиц порошка (<5 мм). В процессе эксперимента осуществлялся контроль на соответствие реакции кинетическим моделям и расчет термодинамических характеристик.

Результаты

Результаты. Экспериментальные результаты показали, что кинетическая модель первого порядка лучше описывает реакцию, энергия активации (Eₐ) равна 85.99 кДж/моль. Термодинамический анализ показал изменение энтальпии (ΔH) на 83.14 кДж/моль, изменение энтропии (ΔS) на −86.08 Дж/(моль·К), а свободная энергия Гиббса (ΔG) варьировалась от 111.80 до 112.66 кДж/моль в зависимости от выбранных температур. При температуре 80°C были достигнуты оптимальные условия экстракции, и получена наиболее высокая концентрацию фурфурола методом гидролиза с использованием серной кислоты в качестве катализатора. Реакция имеет энергоемкий, но контролируемый характер, что говорит о необходимости дальнейшей оптимизации процесса.

Выводы

Выводы. Исследование продемонстрировало эффективность дихлорметана в качестве растворителя для экстракции фурфурола из кожуры сладкого картофеля при оптимальных условиях. Кинетические и термодинамические результаты проясняют механизм реакции и обосновывают ее промышленное применение. Будущие исследования должны быть сосредоточены на моделировании выделения фурфурола из тройных систем растворителей с использованием Aspen Plus для повышения устойчивости и масштабируемости.

экстракция фурфуроладихлорметанкартофельная шелухакинетика экстракциимодель Эйринга–Полани

furfural extractiondichloromethanepotato peelsextraction kineticsEyring–Polanyi model

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.