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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2025-20-4-297-309</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZFDCMS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Development of technology for producing submicron emulsion of propofol using a high-pressure homogenizer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка технологии получения субмикронной эмульсии пропофола с помощью гомогенизатора высокого давления</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0598-6992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошков</surname><given-names>Г. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshkov</surname><given-names>Herman D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мошков Герман Дмитриевич, аспирант, кафедра биотехнологии и промышленной фармации</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Herman D. Moshkov, Postgraduate Student, Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hdmannihalation@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7720-6530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нормов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Normov</surname><given-names>Andrey M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нормов Андрей Максимович, лаборант, кафедра биотехнологии и промышленной фармации; технолог производственного отдела</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78; 121353, Москва, Сколковское ш., д. 21, оф. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey M. Normov, Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy; Technologist of the Production Department</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454; of. 1, 21, Skolkovskoe sh., Moscow, 121353</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.m.normov@ipt.ru.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-7060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шняк</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnyak</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шняк Елизавета Александровна, к.фарм.н., доцент, кафедра биотехнологии и промышленной фармации; старший инженер-технолог</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78; 121353, Москва, Сколковское ш., д. 21, оф. 1</p><p>ResearcherID H-9402-2013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta A. Shnyak, Can. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy; Senior Process Engineer</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454; of. 1, 21, Skolkovskoe sh., Moscow, 121353</p><p>ResearcherID H-9402-2013</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizaweta__@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-143X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панов Алексей Валерьевич, к.х.н., доцент, кафедра биотехнологии и промышленной фармации; директор по наук</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78; 121353, Москва, Сколковское ш., д. 21, оф. 1</p><p>Scopus Author ID 59339673200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Panov, Can. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy;; Director of Science</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454; of. 1, 21, Skolkovskoe sh., Moscow, 121353</p><p>Scopus Author ID 59339673200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panov@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова); Институт фармацевтических технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies); Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>297</fpage><lpage>309</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Moshkov H.D., Normov A.M., Shnyak E.A., Panov A.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мошков Г.Д., Нормов А.М., Шняк Е.А., Панов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Moshkov H.D., Normov A.M., Shnyak E.A., Panov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2274">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2274</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Currently, propofol emulsions are widely used in clinical practice due to their rapid action, low toxicity, and ease of administration, including control of anesthetic depth and rapid recovery of the patient following anesthesia. The market offers drugs from both foreign and domestic manufacturers containing imported pharmaceutical substances. The study set out to develop a technology for obtaining a fat emulsion of propofol for parenteral purposes using a high-pressure homogenizer based on pharmaceutical propofol obtained by alkylation and subsequent decarboxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, as well as to study the physicochemical properties of the obtained submicron emulsions.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A submicron propofol emulsion was prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer. pH was determined using a pH meter equipped with a combined glass electrode. Particle size and zeta potential of the submicron emulsion were determined on a laser particle analyzer using the dynamic and electrophoretic light-scattering methods, respectively. Quantitative propofol content in the resulting emulsion was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Optimal technological parameters of the high-pressure homogenization process were selected. The method of adding the oil phase directly into the high-pressure homogenizer is shown to entail lower time and energy costs as compared to the homogenization method involving a preliminary stage of obtaining a pre-emulsion. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained submicron emulsions were subsequently determined to correspond to the characteristics required for the original drug Propofol-Lipuro®.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The proposed technology for obtaining a submicron propofol emulsion for parenteral use is based on dispersion of the aqueous and oil phases using a high-pressure homogenizer. As a result of the study, it was found that adding the oil phase directly into the high-pressure homogenizer at 20 MPa, including further dispersion at 60 MPa for 8 cycles, is optimal for obtaining a submicron propofol emulsion with the required characteristics.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. В настоящее время в клинической практике активно используются эмульсии пропофола, обладающие быстрым действием, низкой токсичностью, легкостью введения, контролем глубины анестезии и быстрым восстановлением пациента после наркоза. На рынке представлены лекарственные препараты как иностранных, так и российских производителей, содержащие импортные фармацевтические субстанции. Целью данной работы являлась разработка технологии получения жировой эмульсии пропофола для парентерального применения с помощью гомогенизатора высокого давления на основе фармацевтической субстанции пропофола, полученной по методу алкилирования и последующего декарбоксилирования 4-гидроксибензойной кислоты, а также изучение физико-химических свойств полученных субмикронных эмульсий.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Субмикронную эмульсию пропофола получали с помощью гомогенизатора высокого давления. Значения pH определяли с использованием рН-метра, оснащенного комбинированным стеклянным электродом. Определение размера частиц и дзета-потенциала субмикронной эмульсии проводили на лазерном анализаторе частиц методом динамического светорассеивания и методом электрофоретического светорассеивания соответственно. Количественное содержания пропофола в полученной эмульсии определяли с помощью высоко эффективной жидкостной хроматографии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Подобраны оптимальные технологические параметры процесса гомогенизации высокого давления. Установлено, что методика введения масляной фазы напрямую в гомогенизатор высокого давления осуществляется с меньшими временными и энергетическими затратами по сравнению с методикой гомогенизации с предварительной стадией получения предэмульсии. Определено, что физико-химические характеристики полученных субмикронных эмульсий соответствуют характеристикам, предъявляемых оригинальному препарату Пропофол-Липуро®.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Предложена технология получения субмикронной эмульсии пропофола для парентерального применения, основанная на диспергировании водной и масляной фазы с помощью гомогенизатора высокого давления. В результате проведенного исследования было установлено, что введение масляной фазы напрямую в гомогенизатор высокого давления при 20 МПа, а также дальнейшее проведение процесса диспергирования при 60 МПа в течение 8 циклов является оптимальным для получения субмикронной эмульсии пропофола с требуемыми характеристиками.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пропофол</kwd><kwd>Пропофол-Липуро®</kwd><kwd>предэмульсия</kwd><kwd>субмикронная эмульсия</kwd><kwd>гомогенизатор высокого давления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>propofol</kwd><kwd>Propofol-Lipuro®</kwd><kwd>pre-emulsion</kwd><kwd>submicron emulsion</kwd><kwd>high-pressure homogenizer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahinovic M.M., Struys M.M.R.F., Absalom A.R. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Propofol. Clin. 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