chemicallytechFine Chemical TechnologiesТонкие химические технологии2410-65932686-7575MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).10.32362/2410-6593-2025-20-2-119-136LWMGXOchemicallytech-2235Research ArticleBIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGYБИОХИМИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯNew nanostructured carriers for cellulase immobilizationНовые наноструктурированные носители для иммобилизации целлюлазhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-3431СульманА. М.SulmanA. M.

Сульман Александрина Михайловна, к.х.н., доцент кафедры биотехнологии, химии и стандартизации

Scopus Author ID 57147926100, ResearcherID ABC-4215-2020

170026, Тверь, набережная Афанасия Никитина, д. 22

Alexandrina M. Sulman, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization

Scopus Author ID 57147926100, ResearcherID ABC-4215-2020

22, Afanasiya Nikitina nab., Tver, 170026

alexsulman@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-0406МолчановВ. П.MolchanovV. P.

Молчанов Владимир Петрович, д.т.н., профессор кафедры биотехнологии, химии и стандартизации

Scopus Author ID 57146992100, ResearcherID U-3736-2019

170026, Тверь, набережная Афанасия Никитина, д.22

Vladimir P. Molchanov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization

Scopus Author ID 57146992100, ResearcherID U-3736-2019

22, Afanasiya Nikitina nab., Tver, 170026

molchanov@science.tver.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-0551-8469БалакшинаД. В.BalakshinaD. V.

Балакшина Дарья Вадимовна, студент магистратуры

170026, Тверь, набережная Афанасия Никитина, д. 22

Daria V. Balakshina, Master Student

22, Afanasiya Nikitina nab., Tver, 170026

dasha.balakshina.01@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-1783ГребенниковаО. В.GrebennikovaO. V.

Гребенникова Ольга Валентиновна, к.х.н., доцент кафедры биотехнологии, химии и стандартизации

Scopus Author ID 57219406141, ResearcherID A-9397-2014

170026, Тверь, набережная Афанасия Никитина, д. 22

Olga V. Grebennikova, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization

6Scopus Author ID 57219406141, ResearcherID A-9397-2014

22, Afanasiya Nikitina nab., Tver, 17002

olechkamatveeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-4865МатвееваВ. Г.MatveevaV. G.

Матвеева Валентина Геннадьевна, д.х.н., профессор кафедры биотехнологии, химии и стандартизации

ScopusAuthor ID 7004479390, ResearcherID B-1120-2014

170026, Тверь, набережная Афанасия Никитина, д.22

Valentina G. Matveeva, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization

Scopus Author ID 7004479390, ResearcherID B-1120-2014

22, Afanasiya Nikitina nab., Tver, 170026

matveeva@science.tver.ruТверской государственный технический университетРоссияTver State Technical UniversityRussian Federation202506052025202119136Copyright © Sulman A.M., Molchanov V.P., Balakshina D.V., Grebennikova O.V., Matveeva V.G., 20252025Сульман А.М., Молчанов В.П., Балакшина Д.В., Гребенникова О.В., Матвеева В.Г.Sulman A.M., Molchanov V.P., Balakshina D.V., Grebennikova O.V., Matveeva V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2235Objectives

Objectives. Cellulase is a multienzyme complex that breaks down cellulose contained in plant cell walls. Cellulase consists of three types of enzymes: endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase, each of which is involved in the destruction of certain chemical bonds in cellulose. Nanobiocatalysts based on cellulase immobilized on nanostructured carriers are used for catalytic hydrolysis of biomass waste, as well as in the food industry and for environmental protection. This article reviews scientific developments in the immobilization of cellulase on nanostructured carriers.

Methods

Methods. The article analyzes scientific papers published over the past five years that concerned the main aspects of immobilization of cellulase, an enzyme for processing cellulose biomass waste, on nanostructured carriers. The article examines methods of cellulase immobilization, the morphology of nanostructured carriers, and the factors affecting the enzyme activity and allowing one to achieve maximum conversion of cellulose-containing waste of plant origin.

Results

Results. Nanostructured carriers have a large surface area, providing high immobilization efficiency, and also create a favorable environment for activating cellulase and increasing its stability. This allows one to create nanobiocatalysts for efficient conversion of cellulose substrate. The conducted analysis of the latest trends shows that positive changes have occurred in immobilization methods and carrier compositions over the past five years. The article describes such nanostructured carriers as graphene layers, polymer nanoparticles, nanohydrogels, nanofibers, silica nanoparticles, hierarchical porous materials, and magnetic nanoparticles.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Magnetically separable carriers increase the reliability of the biocatalyst and facilitate biocatalytic processes. The use of magnetic nanoparticles is especially advantageous due to their easy separation and the possibility of extracting the nanobiocatalyst for reuse.

Цели

Цели. Целлюлаза — мультиферментный комплекс, расщепляющий целлюлозу, содержащуюся в клеточных стенках растений. В состав целлюлазы входят ферменты трех видов: эндоглюканазы, экзоглюканазы и β-глюкозидазы, каждый из которых участвует в процессах разрушения определенных химических связей в целлюлозе. Нанобиокатализаторы на основе целлюлазы, иммобилизованной на наноструктурированных носителях, используются для каталитического гидролиза отходов биомассы, а также в пищевой промышленности и для защиты окружающей среды. Цель настоящего исследования — представить обзор научных разработок по иммобилизации целлюлазы на наноструктурированных носителях.

Методы

Методы. Проанализированы опубликованные за последние пять лет научные работы, касающиеся основных аспектов иммобилизации целлюлазы — фермента для переработки отходов целлюлозной биомассы — на наноструктурированных носителях. Рассмотрены методы иммобилизации целлюлазы, морфология наноструктурированных носителей, а также факторы, влияющие на активность ферментов и позволяющие достичь максимальной конверсии целлюлозосодержащих отходов растительного происхождения.

Результаты

Результаты. Наноструктурированные носители обладают большой площадью поверхности, обеспечивая высокую эффективность иммобилизации, а также создают благоприятную среду для активизации целлюлазы и увеличения ее стабильности. Это позволяет создавать нанобиокатализаторы для эффективного превращения целлюлозного субстрата. Проведенный анализ последних тенденций показывает, что за последние пять лет в методах иммобилизации и составах носителей произошли положительные изменения. Описаны такие наноструктурированные носители, как слои графена, полимерные наночастицы, наногидрогели, нановолокна, кремнеземные наночастицы, иерархические пористые материалы и магнитные наночастицы.

Выводы

Выводы. Магниторазделяемые носители повышают надежность биокатализатора и облегчают биокаталитические процессы. Использование магнитных наночастиц особенно выгодно ввиду их легкого отделения и возможности извлечения нанобиокатализатора для повторного использования.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.