<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-2-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИНТЕЗ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ПОЛИМЕРОВ И КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Dispersion Composition of Polymethylmethacrylate Suspensions and Molecular Weights of Polymers Obtained by Suspension Polymerization in the Presence of Acrylic Copolymers as Surfactants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дисперсный состав полиметилметакрилатных суспензий и молекулярные массы полимеров, полученных суспензионной полимеризацией в присутствии акриловых сополимеров в качестве ПАВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицкова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritskova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор химических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры химии и технологии высокомолекулярных соединений имени С.С. Медведева</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Chemistry), Professor, Professor of the S.S. Medvedev Chair of Сhemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сацкевич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Satskevich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры химии и технологии высокомолекулярных соединений имени С.С. Медведева</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student of the S.S. Medvedev Chair of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.a.satskevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюжин</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyuzhin</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор химических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела радикальной полимеризации</p><p>606000, Россия, г. Дзержинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Chemistry), Leading Researcher of the Department of Radical Polymerization</p><p>606000, Russia, Dzerzhinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Львовский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>L’vovskiy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер 1-й категории кафедры химии и технологии редких и рассеянных элементов, наноразмерных и композиционных материалов имени К.А. Большакова</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the 1st category of the K.A. Bolshakov Chair of Chemistry and Technology of Rare and Scattered Elements, Nanoscale and Composite Materials</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, ведущий инженер кафедры химии и технологии высокомолекулярных соединений имени С.С. Медведева</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Chemistry), Leading Engineer of the S.S. Medvedev Chair of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муха</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Мukha</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант кафедры химии и технологии высокомолекулярных соединений имени С.С. Медведева</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student of the S.S. Medvedev Chair of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаддаж</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Haddaj</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор химических наук, профессор кафедры химии и технологии высокомолекулярных соединений имени С.С. Медведева</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Chemistry), Professor of the S.S. Medvedev Chair of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левачев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levachev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор химических наук, доцент Химического факультета</p><p>119899, Россия, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Chemistry), Associate Professor, Chemistry Faculty</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий имени М.В. Ломоносова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Научно-исследовательский институт химии и технологии полимеров имени академика В.А. Каргина с опытным заводом»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC «Academician V.A. Kargin Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers with a Pilot Plant»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gritskova I.A., Satskevich O.A., Klyuzhin E.S., L’vovskiy A.I., Andreeva A.V., Мukha N.S., Haddaj M.I., Levachev S.M., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грицкова И.А., Сацкевич О.А., Клюжин Е.С., Львовский А.И., Андреева А.В., Муха Н.С., Хаддаж М., Левачев С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gritskova I.A., Satskevich O.A., Klyuzhin E.S., L’vovskiy A.I., Andreeva A.V., Мukha N.S., Haddaj M.I., Levachev S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/206">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/206</self-uri><abstract><p>The dispersion composition of polymer suspensions and molecular weights of polymers obtained by suspension polymerization of MMA in the presence of polymer surfactants – methylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid copolymers – were studied. It is shown that a highly dispersed fraction of particles with diameters of 0.02–2.0 µm and a fraction of particles with large diameters (up to 1000 µm) are always present in the polymer suspension. After fractionation of polymer suspensions 3 fractions of particles with different diameters were obtained. For each particle fraction the molecular masses of polymers were determined by viscometry. A significant difference in the values of the molecular masses of polymers obtained as particles of small and large diameters – 105 and 106 Da, respectively – is shown. The presence of a highly dispersed fraction of particles in which a polymer of high molecular weight is formed has a noticeable effect on the average molecular weight of the polymer. In particles of small diameter polymerization takes place according to a mechanism close to the emulsion, due to the fact that the volume of such particles contains a small amount of radicals. The high rate of polymerization leads to the formation of a polymer of high molecular weight, the appearance of a gel effect and a decrease in the termination constant. In most particles, polymerization proceeds by a mechanism close to the solution polymerization, and polymers of low molecular weight are formed. This makes it possible to synthesize polymers of a given molecular weight in drops of certain dispersity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучены дисперсный состав полимерных суспензий и молекулярные массы полимеров, полученных суспензионной полимеризацией метилметакрилата в присутствии полимерных ПАВ – сополимеров метилметакрилата и метакриловой кислоты. Показано, что в составе полимерной суспензии всегда присутствуют высокодисперсная фракция частиц с диаметрами 0.02–2.0 мкм и фракции частиц с большими диаметрами (до 1000 мкм). После фракционирования полимерных суспензий получены 3 фракции частиц с различными диаметрами и для каждой фракции частиц определены молекулярные массы полимеров методом вискозиметрии. Показано существенное различие в значениях молекулярных масс полимеров, полученных в частицах малого и большого диаметров – 106 и 105 Да соответственно. Наличие высокодисперсной фракции частиц, в которых образуется полимер высокой молекулярной массы, оказывает заметное влияние на среднюю молекулярную массу полимера. В частицах малого диаметра протекает полимеризация по механизму, близкому к эмульсионной полимеризации, что обусловлено тем, что в объеме таких частиц содержится небольшое количество радикалов. Высокая скорость полимеризации приводит к образованию полимера высокой молекулярной массы, появлению гель-эффекта и уменьшению константы обрыва цепи. В больших частицах полимеризация протекает по механизму, близкому к растворной полимеризации, и образуются полимеры невысокой молекулярной массы. Таким образом, появляется возможность синтеза полимеров заданной молекулярной массы в каплях определенной дисперсности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>суспензионная полимеризация</kwd><kwd>молекулярная масса полимера</kwd><kwd>зависимость молекулярной массы от дисперсности</kwd><kwd>полиметилметакрилат</kwd><kwd>полимерные ПАВ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>suspension polymerization</kwd><kwd>molecular weight of polymer</kwd><kwd>dependence of molecular weight on dispersion</kwd><kwd>polymethylmethacrylate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahanzad F., Sajjadi S., Yianneskisb M., Brooks B.W. In situ mass-suspension polymerization // Chem. Eng. Sci. 2008. V. 63. P. 4412–4417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahanzad F., Sajjadi S., Yianneskisb M., Brooks B.W. In situ mass-suspension polymerization. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2008; 63:4412-4417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuchigami K., Taguchi Y., Tanaka M. Synthesis of calcium carbonate vaterite crystals and their eﬀect on stabilization of suspension polymerization of MMA // Advanced Powder Technology. 2009. V. 20. P. 74–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuchigami K., Taguchi Y., Tanaka M. Synthesis of calcium carbonate vaterite crystals and their eﬀect on stabilization of suspension polymerization of MMA // Advanced Powder Technology. 2009; 20:74-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ze Xie, Qi Ziu, Zheng-Hong Luo. A multiscale CFDPBM coupled model for kinetic and liquid-liquid dispersion behavior in suspension polymerization stirred tank // Chem. Ing. Res. and Design. 2018. V. 130. P. 1–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ze Xie, Qi Ziu, Zheng-Hong Luo. A multiscale CFDPBM coupled model for kinetic and liquid-liquid dispersion behavior in suspension polymerization stirred tank. Chem. Ing. Res. and Design. 2018; 130:1-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fitch R.M., Tsai C.H. Particle formation in polymer colloids. III. Prediction of the number of particles by a homogeneous nucleation theory / In: Polymer Colloids. New York, 1971. P. 73–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fitch R.M., Tsai C.H. Particle formation in polymer colloids. III. Prediction of the number of particles by a homogeneous nucleation theory. In: Polymer Colloids. New York, 1971: 73-102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahdavian A.R., Abdollahi M. Investigation into the eﬀect of carboxylic acid monomer on particle nucleation and growth in emulsiﬁer-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene, butadiene and acrylic acid // Polymer. 2004. V. 45. P. 3233–3239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahdavian A.R., Abdollahi M. Investigation into the effect of carboxylic acid monomer on particle nucleation and growth in emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene, butadiene and acrylic acid. Polymer. 2004; 45:3233-3239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tauer K., Oz N. Interfacial energy promotes radical heterophase polymerization // Macromolecules. 2004. V. 37. P. 5880–5888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tauer K., Oz N. Interfacial energy promotes radical heterophase polymerization. Macromolecules. 2004; 37:5880-5888.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballard N., Agneirre M., Simula A., Leiza J.R., Van Es S., Mausa J. Nitroxide mediated sus-pension polymerization of metacrylic monomers // Chem. Eng. J. 2017. V. 316. P. 665–662.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballard N., Agneirre M., Simula A., Leiza J.R., Van Es S., Mausa J. Nitroxide mediated suspension polymerization of metacrylic monomers. Chem. Eng. J. 2017; 316:665-662.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милицкова Е.А. К вопросу стабилизации размеров гранул суспензионных полимеров // Пластические массы. 1961. № 8. C. 6–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maletskova E.A. To the question of stabilization of the size of the granules in the suspension polymers. Plasticheskie massy (Plastics). 1961; (8):6-9. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pointer C.A., Durand J., Pinto J.C., Prat Z. Real time monitoring of quiescent suspension polymerization of methylmetacrylate in microreactors. Part 1. A kinetic study by Raman spectroscopy in evolution of droplet-size // Chem. Eng. Science. 2015. V. 131. P. 340–352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pointer C.A., Durand J., Pinto J.C., Prat Z. Real time monitoring of quiescent suspension polymerization of methylmetacrylate in microreactors. Part 1. A kinetic study by Raman spectroscopy in evolution of droplet-size. Chem. Eng. Science. 2015; 131:340-352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холодова А.А., Белодед Л.Н., Клюжин Е.С.Суспензионная сополимеризация бутил-метакрилата и метакриловой кислоты в присутствии полимерных диспергаторов различного химического состава // Пластические массы. 2009. № 11. С. 38-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholodova A.A., Beloded L.N., Klyuzhin E.S. Suspension copolymerization of butylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid in the presence of polymer dispersants of diﬀerent chemical composition. Plasticheskie massy (Plastics). 2009. (11):38-40. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грицкова И.А., Амеличев А.А., Сацкевич О.А., Школьников А.В., Ежова А.А., Си-макова Г.А., Васнев В.А., Лобанова Н.А., Измайлов Б.А. Коллоидно-химические свойства кремнийорганических ПАВ, применяемых в синтезе полистирольных латексов // Тонкие химические технологии. 2016. Т. 10. № 4. С. 56–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gritskova I.A., Amelichev A.A., Saskevich O.A., Shkol’nikov A.V. , Ezhova A.A., Simakova G.A., Vasnev V.A., Lobanov N.A., Izmailov B.A. Colloidal-chemical properties of organosilicone surfactants used in the synthesis of polystyrene latex. Tonkie Khim. Tech. = Fine chemical technologies. 2016; 10(4): 56-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaikovskii P.M. Kinetics and topochemically characteristics of emulsion polymerization // Successes of Сhemistry. 1958. V. 27. Iss. 2. P. 1025–1055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaikovskii P.M. Kinetics and topochemically characteristics of emulsion polymerization. Successes of Сhemistry. 1958; 27(2):1025-1055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaikovskii P.M. Elementary reactions of emulsion polymerization // Successes of Chemistry. 1959. V. 28. Iss. 5. P. 547–575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaikovskii P.M. Elementary reactions of emulsion polymerization. Successes of Chemistry. 1959; 28(5):547-575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оудиан Д. Основы химии полимеров. М.: Мир, 1974. 249 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oudian D. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry. Moscow: Mir, 1974. 249 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowding P.J., Vincent B. Suspension polymerization to form polymer beads // Colloids and Surfaces. A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2000. V. 161. P. 259–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowding P.J., Vincent B. Suspension polymerization to form polymer beads. Colloids and Surfaces. A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2000; 161:259-269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клюжин Е.С. Полиакриловые дисперсии для адгезивных и пленкообразующих композиций, получение и свойства: дис. … д-ра хим. наук. Москва, 2013. 317 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klyushin E.S. Polyacrylic dispersions for adhesive and ﬁlm-forming compositions, preparation and properties: D.Sc. (Chem.) thesis. Moscow, 2013. 317 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
