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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2024-19-2-111-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2054</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Obtaining chitosan sulfate nanoparticles in an aqueous medium and their colloidal protection with polysaccharides</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Получение хитозан-сульфатных наночастиц в водной среде и их коллоидная защита полисахаридами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-759X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерасов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erasov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерасов Вадим Сергеевич, к.х.н., старший преподаватель, кафедра наноразмерных систем и поверхностных явлений им. С.С. Воюцкого, Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57484351900</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim S. Erasov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Lecturer, S.S. Voyutsky Department of Nanoscale Systems and Surface Phenomena, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57484351900</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.ersv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцева</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltseva</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мальцева Юлия Олеговна, студент, Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya O. Mal’tseva, Student, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uliaxmaltseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA — Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Erasov V.S., Maltseva Y.O., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерасов В.С., Мальцева Ю.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Erasov V.S., Maltseva Y.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2054">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2054</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To develop a method to obtain a hydrosol of the salt of chitosan with sulfuric acid—chitosanium sulfate (ChS) hydrosol—and to study the effect of various water-soluble polysaccharides on its stability over time, as well as its resistance to indifferent and non-indifferent electrolytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. κ-Carrageenan, sodium alginate (SA), and xanthan were used as polymers which perform the function of colloidal protection for ChS nanoparticles. Capillary viscometry was used to study the viscosity of polymer solutions, their molecular weight, and their adsorption on ChS. The stability of the sols over time and their resistance to indifferent and non-indifferent electrolytes were evaluated photometrically. The hydrosol particle size was determined by means of dynamic light scattering.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. On the surface of ChS, κ-carrageenan is adsorbed most strongly over a wide range of concentrations. The graphs of the dependencies of the relative change in the turbidity of sols with the addition of various polysaccharides on their weight concentration at a sol lifetime of 2 days have the shape of curves with a maximum. Sols with the addition of 0.0125% SA and κ-carrageenan in the range of 0.04% have the greatest stability over time. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average particle size of freshly prepared sols with the addition of the polymers to ensure their greatest stability over time are 10.8 nm and 14.6 nm, respectively. For freshly prepared sols without polysaccharides, this size is 24.8 nm. The hydrosol coagulation threshold with an indifferent electrolyte (NaCl) is 9.3 times higher than that with a non-indifferent electrolyte (Na2SO4). κ-Carrageenan and SA protect the hydrosol from coagulation with an indifferent electrolyte (NaCl) at all their used amounts. At the same polymer concentrations, no protection from coagulation with a non-indifferent electrolyte (Na2SO4) was observed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A method was developed to obtain ChS hydrosol with a positive particle charge. The stability of ChS sols over time was studied both without and with the addition of SA, κ-carrageenan, and xanthan. Sol coagulation thresholds with indifferent and non-indifferent electrolytes, as well as the protective numbers for κ-carrageenan and SA against the coagulation of hydrosols with these electrolytes, were established. The mechanism of stability of sols at certain concentrations of water-soluble polysaccharides was explained using data on the adsorption of these polysaccharides on the surface of chitosan treated with a solution of sulfuric acid. Based on the results of the work, it can be concluded that SA and κ-carrageenan can be used for the efficient stabilization of ChS hydrosols over time and for the colloidal protection of ChS from coagulation with sodium chloride.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Разработать методику получения гидрозоля сернокислой соли хитозана — сульфата хитозания (СХ), исследовать влияние различных водорастворимых полисахаридов на его устойчивость во времени и при добавлении индифферентного и неиндифферентного электролитов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В качестве полимеров, выполняющих функцию коллоидной защиты наночастиц СХ, были использованы κ-каррагинан, альгинат натрия (АН) и ксантан. Для определения вязкости растворов полимеров, их молекулярной массы и для исследования их адсорбции на СХ использовался метод капиллярной вискозиметрии. Оценка устойчивости золей во времени и при добавлении индифферентного и неиндифферентного электролитов проводилась фотометрически. Размер частиц гидрозоля определялся методом динамического светорассеяния.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На поверхности СХ в широком диапазоне концентраций сильнее всего адсорбируется κ-каррагинан. Графики зависимости относительного изменения мутности золей с добавками различных полисахаридов от их массовой концентрации при времени жизни золей 2 суток имеют вид кривых с максимумом. Наибольшей устойчивостью во времени обладают золи с добавками 0.0125% АН и κ-каррагинана в диапазоне 0.04%. По данным динамического светорассеяния средний размер частиц свежеприготовленных золей с добавками полимеров, обеспечивших их наибольшую устойчивость во времени, составил соответственно 10.8 нм и 14.6 нм, тогда как для свежеприготовленных золей без полисахаридов — 24.8 нм. Порог коагуляции гидрозоля индифферентным электролитом (NaСl) в 9.3 раза выше порога коагуляции гидрозоля неиндифферентным электролитом (Na2SO4). κ-Каррагинан и АН защищают гидрозоль от коагуляции индифферентным электролитом (NaCl) при всех их использованных количествах. В то же время, при тех же концентрациях полимера защиты от коагуляции неиндифферентным электролитом (Na2SO4) не наблюдалось.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Разработана методика получения гидрозоля СХ с положительным зарядом частиц. Исследована устойчивость золей СХ во времени как без добавок, так и с добавками АН, κ-каррагинана и ксантана во времени. Определены пороги коагуляции золей индифферентным и неиндифферентным электролитами, а также защитные числа от коагуляции гидрозоля этими электролитами для κ-каррагинана и АН. Для объяснения механизма устойчивости золей при определенных концентрациях водорастворимых полисахаридов использованы полученные данные по адсорбции этих полисахаридов на поверхности хитозана, обработанного раствором серной кислоты. По результатам работы можно сделать вывод, что АН и κ-каррагинан могут использоваться как эффективные стабилизаторы гидрозолей СХ во времени и для его коллоидной защиты от коагуляции хлоридом натрия.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коллоидная химия</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>нанотехнология</kwd><kwd>золи</kwd><kwd>дисперсные системы</kwd><kwd>полимеры</kwd><kwd>углеводы</kwd><kwd>полисахариды</kwd><kwd>хитозан</kwd><kwd>альгинат натрия</kwd><kwd>каррагинаны</kwd><kwd>ксантан</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>коагуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colloid chemistry</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>nanotechnology</kwd><kwd>sols</kwd><kwd>dispersed systems</kwd><kwd>polymers</kwd><kwd>carbohydrates</kwd><kwd>polysaccharides</kwd><kwd>chitosan</kwd><kwd>sodium alginate</kwd><kwd>carrageenans</kwd><kwd>xanthan</kwd><kwd>stability</kwd><kwd>coagulation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта государственного задания Российской Федерации № FSFZ-2023-0003. Авторы выражают благодарность доктору химических наук, профессору Н.А. Яштулову, заведующему кафедрой наноразмерных систем и поверхностных явлений им. С.С. Воюцкого МИРЭА - Российского технологического университета.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State Task of the Russian Federation No. FSFZ-2023-0003. The authors thank Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor N.A. Yashtulov, Head of the S.S. Voyutsky Department of Nanoscale Systems and Surface Phenomena at the MIREA — Russian Technological University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варламов В.П., Ильина А.В., Шагдарова Б.Ц., Луньков А.П., Мысякина И.С. Хитин/хитозан и его производные: фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты. 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