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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-6-534-548</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-2012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИНТЕЗ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ПОЛИМЕРОВ И КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Swelling of rubbers of different chemical natures  in supercritical carbon dioxide</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование набухания каучуков различной химической природы в сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9988-3058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>С. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>S. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Сахая Трофимовна, аспирант, кафедра химии и технологии переработки пластмасс и полимерных композитов, Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Малая Пироговская, д. 1, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sakhaya T. Mikhaylova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Plastics and Polymer Composites Processing, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies</p><p>1-5, Malaya Pirogovskaya ul., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mst2904@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5903-6861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резниченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznichenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резниченко Сергей Владимирович, д.т.н., профессор кафедры химии и технологии переработки пластмасс и полимерных композитов, Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова, директор НИЦ «Инновационные полимерные материалы и изделия»</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Малая Пироговская, д. 1, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Reznichenko, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Plastics and Polymer Composites Processing, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Director of the Research Center “Innovative Polymer Materials and Products</p><p>1-5, Malaya Pirogovskaya ul., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svrezn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6510-9495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красников</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnikov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красников Евгений Алексеевич, аспирант, кафедра химического и фармацевтического инжиниринга</p><p>125480, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 20, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy A. Krasnikov, Postgraduate Student, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering</p><p>20-1, Geroev Panfilovtsev ul., Moscow, 125480</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgenykrasnikov01@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-3838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганков Павел Юрьевич, к.т.н., научный сотрудник, кафедра химического и фармацевтического инжиниринга</p><p>125480, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 20, к. 1</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57195294645</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Yu. Tsygankov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Researcher, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering</p><p>20-1, Geroev Panfilovtsev ul., Moscow, 125480</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57195294645</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsygankov.p.i@muctr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-1426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меньшутина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshutina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меньшутина Наталья Васильевна, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой химического и фармацевтического инжиниринга</p><p>125480, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 20, к. 1</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6602274789, ResearcherID G-2802-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Menshutina, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering</p><p>20-1, Geroev Panfilovtsev ul., Moscow, 125480</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6602274789, ResearcherID G-2802-2014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chemcom@muctr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-5746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов-Емельянов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov-Emel’yanov</surname><given-names>I. D. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симонов-Емельянов Игорь Дмитриевич, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой химии и технологии переработки пластмасс и полимерных композитов, Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Малая Пироговская, д. 1, стр. 5</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6603181099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor D. Simonov-Emel’yanov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Department of Chemistry and Technology of Plastics and Polymer Composites Processing, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies</p><p>1-5, Malaya Pirogovskaya ul., Moscow, 119435</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6603181099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor.simonov1412@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. Менделеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>534–548</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Mikhaylova S.T., Reznichenko S.V., Krasnikov E.A., Tsygankov P.Y., Menshutina N.V., Simonov-Emel’yanov I.D., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлова С.Т., Резниченко С.В., Красников Е.А., Цыганков П.Ю., Меньшутина Н.В., Симонов-Емельянов И.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhaylova S.T., Reznichenko S.V., Krasnikov E.A., Tsygankov P.Y., Menshutina N.V., Simonov-Emel’yanov I.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2012">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/2012</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To investigate the swelling of the main types of rubbers used in the rubber industry in carbon dioxide in a supercritical state (SC-CO2), in order to assess the possibility of obtaining elastomeric materials with porous structures using fluid technology, based on them.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The process of swelling of rubbers in SC-CO2 and subsequent foaming was carried out according to a specially developed technique using the original installation. This is a high-pressure apparatus with transparent windows, allowing for the use of an optical technique to directly measure the geometric dimensions of samples during swelling and foaming using a digital video camera. The study of the porous structure of foamed rubbers was carried out using scanning electron microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study established experimental curves of the swelling kinetics in SC-CO2 of isoprene, butadiene, styrene butadiene, ethylene propylene, chloroprene, ethylene acrylate, siloxane, and organofluorine rubbers. The influence of temperature and pressure on the rate and equilibrium degree of swelling was studied. The diffusion coefficients of SC-CO2 in rubbers of various chemical natures were also determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. It was shown that the equilibrium swelling degree of rubbers in SC-CO2 depends on the chemical nature of rubbers. It does not correlate with the value of their solubility parameters, changes directly proportional to the diffusion coefficient and increases with increasing temperature and pressure. It was found that irrespective of the degree of swelling in SC-CO2, all the rubbers studied are intensively foamed at a sharp pressure drop. The size of the pores formed is tens of microns: significantly smaller than the size of pores formed when chemical pore formers are used.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Исследование набухания основных типов каучуков, применяющихся в резиновой промышленности, в диоксиде углерода, находящемся в сверхкритическом состоянии (СК-СО2), для оценки возможности получения на их основе эластомерных материалов с пористыми структурами с использованием флюидной технологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Процесс набухания каучуков в СК-СО2 и последующее их вспенивание проводили по специально разработанной методике на оригинальной установке, представляющей собой аппарат высокого давления с прозрачными окнами, позволяющими использовать оптическую методику непосредственного измерения геометрических размеров образцов в процессе набухания и вспенивания с помощью цифровой видео-камеры. Исследование пористой структуры вспененных каучуков проводили с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены экспериментальные кривые кинетики набухания в СК-СО2 изопренового, бутадиенового, бутадиен-стирольного, этиленпропиленового, хлоропренового, этилен-акрилатного, силоксанового и фторорганического каучуков. Исследовано влияние температуры и давления на скорость и равновесную степень набухания. Определены коэффициенты диффузии СК-СО2 в каучуках различной химической природы.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Показано, что степень равновесного набухания каучуков в СК-СО2 зависит от химической природы каучуков, не коррелирует с величиной их параметров растворимости, изменяется прямо пропорционально коэффициенту диффузии и увеличивается с ростом температуры и давления. Установлено, что независимо от степени набухания в СК-СО2 все исследованные каучуки интенсивно вспениваются при резком сбросе давления. Размер образующихся пор составляет десятки микрон, что существенно меньше размера пор, образующихся при использовании химических порообразователей.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сверхкритическая флюидная технология</kwd><kwd>каучук</kwd><kwd>пористость</kwd><kwd>диоксид углерода</kwd><kwd>набухание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>supercritical fluid technology</kwd><kwd>rubber</kwd><kwd>porosity</kwd><kwd>carbon dioxide</kwd><kwd>swelling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аржакова О.В., Аржаков М.С., Бадамшина Э.Р., Брюзгина Е.Б., Брюзгин Е.В. и др. Полимеры будущего. Успехи химии. 2022;91(12):RCR5062. https://doi.org/10.57634/RCR5062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arzhakova O.V., Arzhakov M.S., Badamshina E.R., Bryuzgina E.B., Bryuzgin E.V., et al. Polymer for the future. Russ. Chem. 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