<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-2-123-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-1954</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИНТЕЗ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ПОЛИМЕРОВ И КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Biocomposite materials based on polyethylene and amphiphilic polymer-iron metal complex</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биокомпозиционные материалы на основе полиэтилена и амфифильного полимерного металлокомплекса железа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-5907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Илья Юрьевич - научный сотрудник, преподаватель кафедры «Инновационные материалы принтмедиаиндустрии» Полиграфического института ФГАОУ «МПИ».</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Большая Семеновская, 38</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57195569317, ResearcherID ABW-6525-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Yu. Vasilyev - Researcher, Lecturer, Department of Innovative Materials for the Print Media Industry, Polygraphic Institute, Moscow Polytechnic University.</p><p>38, Bolshaya Semenovskaya ul., Moscow, 107023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iljanaras@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский политехнический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vasilyev I.Y., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyev I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1954">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1954</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To obtain and study the properties including degradability of polymer composite materials (PCM) based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) obtained by introducing an environmentally friendly additive comprising an oxo-decomposing additive (ODA) based on an amphiphilic polymer-iron metal complex, which accelerates the process of polymer degradation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. PCMs based on LDPE and ODA were produced by processing in laboratory extruders in the form of strands, granules, and films. Thermodynamic properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range 20-130 °C. In order to assess the performance characteristics (physical and mechanical properties) of the PCM, tensile strength and elongation at break were determined. The biodegradability of PCM was evaluated by Sturm's method, with the biodegradation index being determined by the amount of CO2 gas released as a result of microorganism activity, as well as composting by placing the PCMs for six months in biohumus. Changes in physical and mechanical properties and water absorption of the films during storage were evaluated. The photochemical degradability of the PCM was determined by exposing it to ultraviolet radiation for 100 h (equivalent to approximately one year of exposure of the films under natural conditions). The appearance of the composite samples following removal from the biohumus was determined using an optical microscope with ×50 magnification in transmitted and reflected light.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Following biodegradation by composting, the physical and mechanical properties of PCMs decrease by an average of 40.6%. This is related to the structural changes that occur in composites during storage in biohumus, i.e., the formation of a looser structure due to the development of large clusters of microorganisms that affect the formation of microcracks. It leads to the stage of fragmentation of the polyethylene matrix and indicates the progress of biological degradation of composites. In this case, the water absorption of the composite samples was 63% after 96 h of exposure. The biodegradability index determined by the Sturm method after 28 days of bubbling had changed by 82%, indicating an intensive biodegradation process. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation for 96 h resulted in the complete destruction of the PCMs, which turned into small “flakes.” This method is the most effective for the degradation of LDPE- and ODA-based PCMs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. According to the results of the study of ODA-containing PCMs based on an amphiphilic polymer-iron metal complex, the tested filler-modifier can be recommended for the production of PCMs offering an accelerated degradation period.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Получение и исследование свойств, а также способности к деструкции полимерных композиционных материалов (ПКМ) на основе полиэтилена низкой плотности (ПЭНП), получаемых за счет введения экологически безопасной оксоразлагающейся добавки (ОРД) на основе амфифильного полимерного металлокомплекса железа, ускоряющей процесс разложения полимеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. ПКМ на основе ПЭНП и ОРД получали в лабораторных экструдерах в виде стренг, гранул и пленок. Термодинамические свойства определяли дифференциально-сканирующей калориметрией в интервале температур 20-130 °C. Для оценки эксплуатационных свойств (физико-механических характеристик) ПКМ определяли разрушающее напряжение при растяжении и относительное удлинение при разрыве. Способность к биоразложению ПКМ оценивали методом Штурма, определяя индекс биоразложения по количеству выделившегося СО2 в результате жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов, а также путем компостирования, помещая ПКМ на полгода в биогумус. В процессе хранения определяли изменение физико-механических свойств, а также водопоглощение пленок. Способность ПКМ к фотохимической деструкции определяли, подвергая образцы ультрафиолетовому излучению в отсутствии других источников света в течение 100 ч (эквивалентно приблизительно году экспозиции пленок в природных условиях). Внешний вид композиционных образцов после изъятия из биогумуса определяли при помощи оптического микроскопа с увеличением ×50 в проходящем и отраженном свете.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В процессе биоразложения методом компостирования до полугода физико-механические свойства снижаются, в среднем, на 40.6%, что связано со структурными изменениями, протекающими в композитах в процессе хранения в биогумусе: формированием более рыхлой структуры вследствие образования и продуцирования крупных кластеров микроорганизмов, влияющих на образование микротрещин, что приводит к стадии фрагментации полиэтиленовой матрицы и свидетельствует о протекании процесса биологической деструкции композиционных материалов. При этом водопоглощение композиционных образцов спустя 96 ч экспозиции изменилось на 63%. Индекс биоразлагаемости, определенный методом Штурма по истечении 28 суток барботирования, изменился на 82%, что свидетельствует об интенсивном протекании процесса биоразложения. Воздействие ультрафиолетового излучения в течение 96 ч показало полное разрушение ПКМ до образования мелких «хлопьев». Данный метод является наиболее эффективным для процесса разложения ПКМ на основе ПЭНП и ОРД.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Исследование ПКМ, содержащих ОРД на основе амфифильного полимерного металлокомплекса железа, показало, что исследуемый наполнитель-модификатор можно рекомендовать для изготовления ПКМ с ускоренным сроком разложения.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоразлагаемые композиции</kwd><kwd>полиэтилен</kwd><kwd>оксо-разлагающаяся добавка</kwd><kwd>амфифильный полимерный металлокомплекс железа</kwd><kwd>наполнитель</kwd><kwd>фотохимическая деструкция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biodegradable compositions</kwd><kwd>polyethylene</kwd><kwd>oxo-decomposing additive</kwd><kwd>amphiphilic polymer-iron metal complex</kwd><kwd>filler</kwd><kwd>photochemical destruction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Настоящее исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Московского политехнического университета в рамках гранта имени В.Е. Фортова.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Moscow Polytechnic University within the framework of the Vladimir Fortov grant.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвяк В.В. Перспективы производства современных упаковочных материалов с применением биоразлагаемых полимерных композиций. Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Экология. 2019;(2):84-94. URL: https://joumals.bsu.by/index.php/ecology/article/view/2711/2295 (Дата обращения 30.03.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvyak V.V. Prospects of manufacture of modern packaging materials with application of biodelessed polymer compositions. Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekologiya = Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology. 2019;(2):84-94 (in Russ.). URL: https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/ecology/article/view/2711/2295 (Accessed March 30, 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalia S. Biodegradable Green Composites. John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2016. 368 p. ISBN 978-1-11891109-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalia S. Biodegradable Green Composites. John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2016. 368 p. ISBN 978-1-11891109-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skoczinski P., Chinthapalli R., Carus M., Baltus W., de Guzman D., Kab H., Raschka A., Ravenstijn J. Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers - Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2019 - 2024. Hurth, Germany; 2020. 379 p. URL: https://renewable-carbon.eu/publications/product/bio-based-building-blocks-and-polymers-global-capacities-production-and-trends-2019-2024/ (Дата обращения 30.03.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoczinski P., Chinthapalli R., Carus M., Baltus W., de Guzman D., Kab H., Raschka A., Ravenstijn J. Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers - Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2019 - 2024. Hurth, Germany; 2020. 379 p. URL: https://renewable-carbon.eu/publications/product/bio-based-building-blocks-and-polymers-global-capacities-production-and-trends-2019-2024/ (Accessed March 30, 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishat N., MalikA. Synthesis, spectral characterization thermal stability, antimicrobial studies and biodegradation of starch-thiourea based biodegradable polymeric ligand and its coordination complexes with [Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)] metals. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2016;20(Suppl. 1):S7-S15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2012.07.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishat N., Malik A. Synthesis, spectral characterization thermal stability, antimicrobial studies and biodegradation of starch-thiourea based biodegradable polymeric ligand and its coordination complexes with [Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)] metals. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2016;20(Suppl. 1):S7-S15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2012.07.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sudhakar Y.N., Selvakumar M. Lithium perchlorate doped plasticized chitosan and starch blend as biodegradable polymer electrolyte for supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta. 2012;78:398-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sudhakar Y.N., Selvakumar M. Lithium perchlorate doped plasticized chitosan and starch blend as biodegradable polymer electrolyte for supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta. 2012;78:398-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendes J.F., Paschoalin R.T., Carmona V.B., Sena Neto A.R., Marques A.C.P., Marconcini J.M., Mattoso L.H.C., Medeiros E.S., Oliveira J.E. Biodegradable polymer blends based on corn starch and thermoplastic chitosan processed by extrusion. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016;137:452-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendes J.F., Paschoalin R.T., Carmona V.B., Sena Neto A.R., Marques A.C.P., Marconcini J.M., Mattoso L.H.C., Medeiros E.S., Oliveira J.E. Biodegradable polymer blends based on corn starch and thermoplastic chitosan processed by extrusion. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016;137:452-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen D.M., Do T.V.V., Grillet A.-C., Thuc H.H., Thuc C.N.H. Biodegradability of polymer film based on low density polyethylene and cassava starch. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation. 2016;115:257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.09.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen D.M., Do T.V.V., Grillet A.-C., Thuc H.H., Thuc C.N.H. Biodegradability of polymer film based on low density polyethylene and cassava starch. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation. 2016;115:257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.09.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang X., Alavi S. Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011;85(1):7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang X., Alavi S. Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011;85(1):7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R., Sharma R., Shaqib M., Sarkar A., Dutt Chauhan K. Biodegradable polymers as packaging materials. In: Biopolymers and their Industrial Applications. From Plant, Animal, and Marine Sources, to Functional Products. 2021. Chapter 10. P. 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819240-5.00010-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh R., Sharma R., Shaqib M., Sarkar A., Dutt Chauhan K. Biodegradable polymers as packaging materials. In: Biopolymers and their Industrial Applications. From Plant, Animal, and Marine Sources, to Functional Products. 2021. Chapter 10. P. 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819240-5.00010-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ojogbo E., Ogunsona E.O., Mekonnen T.H. Chemical and physical modifications of starch for renewable polymeric materials. Materials Today Sustainability. 2020;7-8:100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2019.100028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ojogbo E., Ogunsona E.O., Mekonnen T.H. Chemical and physical modifications of starch for renewable polymeric materials. Materials Today Sustainability. 2020;7-8:100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2019.100028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tudorachi N., Cascaval C.N., Rusu M., Pruteanu M. Testing of polyvinyl alcohol and starch mixtures as biodegradable polymeric materials. Polym. Test. 2000;19(7):785-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(99)00049-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tudorachi N., Cascaval C.N., Rusu M., Pruteanu M. Testing of polyvinyl alcohol and starch mixtures as biodegradable polymeric materials. Polym. Test. 2000;19(7):785-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(99)00049-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fonseca-Garcia A., Jimenez-Regalado E., Aguirre-Loredo R.Y. Preparation of a novel biodegradable packaging film based on corn starch-chitosan and poloxamers. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;251:117009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fonseca-Garda A., Jimenez-Regalado E., Aguirre-Loredo R.Y. Preparation of a novel biodegradable packaging film based on corn starch-chitosan and poloxamers. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;251:117009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mittal A., Garg S., Bajpai S. Fabrication and characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol)-starch-cellulosic material based biodegradable composite film for packaging application. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020;21(3):1577-1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mittal A., Garg S., Bajpai S. Fabrication and characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol)-starch-cellulosic material based biodegradable composite film for packaging application. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020;21(3):1577-1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев И.Ю., Ананьев В.В., Колпакова В.В., Сарджвеладзе А.С. Разработка технологии получения биоразлагаемых композиций на основе полиэтилена, крахмала и моноглицеридов. Тонкие химические технологии. 2020;15(6):44-55. https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-6-44-55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev I.Yu., Ananyev V.V., Kolpakova V.V., Sardzhveladze A.S. Development of technology for producing biodegradable hybrid composites based on polyethylene, starch, and monoglycerides. Tonk. Khim. Tekhnol. = Fine Chem. Technol. 2020;15(6):44-55 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-6-44-55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Папахин А.А., Колпакова В.В., Бородина З.М., Сарджвеладзе А.С., Васильев И.Ю. Применение модифицированного пористого крахмала для создания биоразлагаемых композиционных полимерных материалов. Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2020;50(3):549-558. http://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-3-549-558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papakhin AA, Kolpakova V.V., Borodina Z.M., Sardzhveladze A.S., Vasilyev I.Yu. Modified porous starch in development of biodegradable composite polymer materials. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya pishchevykh proizvodstv = Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(3):549-558 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-3-549-558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев И.Ю., Ананьев В.В., Чернов М.Е. Биоразлагаемые упаковочные материалы на основе полиэтилена низкой плотности, крахмала и моноглицеридов. Тонкие химические технологии. 2022;17(3):231-241. https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-3-231-241</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev I.Yu., Ananyev V.V., Chernov M.E. Biodegradable packaging materials based on low density polyethylene, starch and monoglycerides. Tonk. Khim. Tekhnol. = Fine Chem. Technol. 2022;17(3):231-241 (Russ., Eng.). https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-3-231-241</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев И.Ю., Ананьев В.В., Колпакова В.В, Сарджвеладзе А.С. Биоразлагаемые материалы на основе ПЭНП, крахмала и моноглицеридов. Все материалы. Энциклопедический справочник. 2021;(11):20-26. https://doi.org/10.31044/1994-6260-2021-0-11-20-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasiliev I.Yu., Ananyev V.V., Kolpakova V.V., Sardzhveladze A.S. Biodegradable materials based on low-density polyethylene, starch and monoglycerides. Vse Materialy. Entsiklopedicheskii Spravochnik = All Materials. Encyclopedic Reference Manual. 2021;(11):20-26 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31044/1994-6260-2021-0-11-20-26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilyev I., Ananiev V., Sultanova Yu., Kolpakova V. Effect of the biodegradable compounds composition with monoglycerides on mechanical properties. In: Materials Science Forum. 2021;1031:7-16. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1031.7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev I., Ananiev V., Sultanova Yu., Kolpakova V. Effect of the biodegradable compounds composition with monoglycerides on mechanical properties. In: Materials Science Forum. 2021;1031:7-16. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1031.7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil'ev I.Y., Anan'ev V.V., Sultanova Y.M., Kolpakova V.V. The influence of the composition of polyethylene, starch, and monoglyceride biodegradable compositions on their physicomechanical properties and structure. Polym. Sci. Ser. D. 2022;15(1):122-127. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995421222010257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil'ev I.Y., Anan'ev V.V., Sultanova Y.M., Kolpakova V.V. The influence of the composition of polyethylene, starch, and monoglyceride biodegradable compositions on their physicomechanical properties and structure. Polym. Sci. Ser. D. 2022;15(1):122-127. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995421222010257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукин Н.Д., Колпакова В.В., Усачев И.С., Сарджвелаждзе А.С., Соломин Д.А., Васильев И.Ю. Модификация полимерных композиций с термопластичным крахмалом для биоразлагаемой упаковочной пленки. В сб.: Биотехнология: состояние и перспективы развития: Материалы международного конгресса. М.: ООО «РЭД ГРУПП»; 2019. С. 102-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukin N.D., Kolpakova V.V., Usachev I.S., Sardzhvelazhdze A.S., Solomin D.A., Vasil'ev I.Yu. Modification of polymer compositions with thermoplastic starch for bio-dependable packaging products. In: Biotekhnologiya: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya: Materialy mezhdunarodnogo kongressa (Biotechnology: State of the Art and Perspectives: Proceedings of the International Congress). Moscow: RED GROUP; 2019. P. 102-104 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabasum S., Younas M., Zaeem M.A., Majeed I., Majeed M., Noreen A., Iqbal N.M., Zia K.M. A review on blending of corn starch with natural and synthetic polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles with mathematical modeling. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;122:969-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabasum S., Younas M., Zaeem M.A., Majeed I., Majeed M., Noreen A., Iqbal N.M., Zia K.M. A review on blending of corn starch with natural and synthetic polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles with mathematical modeling. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;122:969-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren H., Ouyang G., Iyer S.S., Yang Y.-T. Mechanism and process window study for die-to-wafer (D2W) hybrid bonding. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2021;10(6):064008. https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac0a52</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren H., Ouyang G., Iyer S.S., Yang Y.-T. Mechanism and process window study for die-to-wafer (D2W) hybrid bonding. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2022 1 ;10(6):064008. https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac0a52</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Токарева Н.Е. Оценка скорости разложения полиэтилена с добавкой D2W. В сб.: Инновационные факторы развития транспорта. Теория и практика. Материалы международной научно-практической конференции. Новосибирск: СГУПС; 2018. С. 79-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tokareva N.E. Evaluation of the rate of decomposition of polyethylene with D2W additive. In: Innovatsionnye faktory razvitiya transporta. Teoriya i praktika. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Innovative Factors of Transport Development. Theory and Practice. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference). Novosibirsk: STU; 2018. Р. 79-81 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обыденова А.А., Мяленко Д.М. Исследование физико-механических и органолептических характеристики биоразлагаемой полимерной упаковки на основе полиэтилена, модифицированного оксо-добавкой D2W. В сб.: Пищевые инновации и биотехнологии. Сборник тезисов X Международной научной конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых. Т. 1. Кемерово: КемГУ; 2022. С. 298-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obydenova A.A., Myalenko D.M. Study of physical, mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of biodegradable polymer packaging based on polyethylene modified with oxo-additive D2W. In: Sbornik tezisov X Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii studentov, aspirantov i molodykh uchenykh (Food Innovation and Biotechnology. Collection of Abstracts of the 10th International Scientific Conference of Students, Graduate Students and Young Scientists). V. 1. Kemerovo: KemSU; 2022. Р 298-300 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершова О.В., Бодьян Л.А., Пономарев А.П., Бахаева А.Н. Влияние химической деструкции на изменение физико-механических свойств упаковочных полимерных пленок с добавкой D2W. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2015;1(1):1981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ershova O.V., Bodyan L.A., Ponomarev A.P., Bakhaeva A.N. The effect of chemical destruction on the change in physical and mechanical properties of polymer films with D2W additive. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya = Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2015;1(1):1981 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луканина Ю.К., Хватов А.В., Королева А.В., Попов А.А., Колесникова Н.Н. Оксо-разлагающая добавка к полиолефинам: Пат. 2540273 C1 РФ. Заявка № 2013155023/04; заявл. 12.12.2013; опубл. 10.02.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukanina Yu.K., Khvatov A.V., Koroleva A.V., Popov A.A., Kolesnikova N.N. Okso-razlagayushchaya dobavka k poliolefinam (Oxo-decomposing additive for polyolefins): RF Pat. 2540273 C1. Publ. 10.02.2015 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
