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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-5-384-393</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-1880</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Effect of antiviral siRNAs on the production of cytokines in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Действие противовирусных миРНК на выработку цитокинов in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-7858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пак Анастасия Витальевна, студент, Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Pak, Student, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dcnnpk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-4581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашков Евгений Алексеевич, аспирант, кафедра микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии им. академика; младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной иммунологии А.А. Воробьева</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5А</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 4933-1128</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Pashkov, Postgraduate Student, A.A. Vorobiev Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p><p>8, Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p><p>5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 4933-1128</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pashckov.j@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-0515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамова Наталья Дмитриевна, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5А</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 1763-8942</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia D. Abramova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p><p>5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 1763-8942</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">and960911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-4765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубиков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поддубиков Александр Владимирович, к.б.н., заведующий лабораторией микробиологии условно-патогенных бактерий</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5А</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 9658-1553</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Poddubikov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Microbiology of Opportunistic Pathogenic Bacteria</p><p>5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 9658-1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poddubikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8204-4899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагиева</surname><given-names>Ф. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagieva</surname><given-names>F. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нагиева Фирая Галиевна, д.м.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией гибридных клеточных культур</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5А</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 5897-3591</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Firaya G. Nagieva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Hybrid Cell Cultures</p><p>5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 5897-3591</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fgn42@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-1843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданова Екатерина Александровна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии им. академика А.А. Воробьева</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 7250-5808</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Bogdanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, A.A. Vorobiev Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology</p><p>8, Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 7250-5808</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdekaterin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4963-5053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашков</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkov</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашков Евгений Петрович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии им. академика А.А. Воробьева</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny P. Pashkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, A.A. Vorobiev Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology</p><p>8, Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9153183256@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свитич Оксана Анатольевна, чл.-корр. Российской академии наук, д.м.н., директор, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии; профессор кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии им. академика А.А. Воробьева</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5А</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 8802-5569</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana A. Svitich, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Professor, A.A. Vorobiev Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology</p><p>5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064</p><p>8, Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 8802-5569</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svitichoa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-1892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверев Виталий Васильевич, академик РАН, д.б.н., профессор, научный руководитель; заведующий кафедрой микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии им. академика А.А. Воробьева</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5А</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ 2122-1808</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy V. Zverev, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Scientific Director of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Head of the A.A. Vorobiev Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology</p><p>5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064</p><p>8, Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code 2122-1808</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitalyzverev@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University),</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>384</fpage><lpage>393</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pak A.V., Pashkov E.A., Abramova N.D., Poddubikov A.V., Nagieva F.G., Bogdanova E.A., Pashkov E.P., Svitich O.A., Zverev V.V., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пак А.В., Пашков Е.А., Абрамова Н.Д., Поддубиков А.В., Нагиева Ф.Г., Богданова Е.А., Пашков Е.П., Свитич О.А., Зверев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pak A.V., Pashkov E.A., Abramova N.D., Poddubikov A.V., Nagieva F.G., Bogdanova E.A., Pashkov E.P., Svitich O.A., Zverev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1880">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1880</self-uri><abstract><p>Objectives. To evaluate the dynamics of the expression level of IL-1β and IL-28β (IFN-λ3) genes as a result of complex knockdown of some cellular genes, whose expression products play an important role in the reproduction of the influenza virus.Methods. Following the collection of virus-containing liquid and cell lysate within three days from the moment of transfection and infection, the intensity of viral reproduction was assessed using the cytopathic effect titration method. The concentration of viral ribonucleic acid (vRNA) and change in the expression of IL-1β and IL-28β (IFN-λ3) were determined by real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-qPCR). The nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used to statistically calculate significant differences between groups.Results. The use of each small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) complex led to a decrease in viral reproduction on the first day at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001. The use of complex A (FLT4.2 + Nup98.1) and D (FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205) led to a decrease in viral titer by 2.8 lgTCID50/mL and by 2.1 lgTCID50/mL relative to the use of nonspecific L2 siRNA and viral control (p ≤ 0.05). Transfection of complexes B (Nup98.1 + Nup205) and C (FLT4.2 + Nup205) also reduced the viral titer by 1.5 lgTCID50/mL and 1.8 lgTCID50/mL relative to nonspecific L2 siRNA and viral control (p ≤ 0.05). When conducting real-time RT-qPCR, a significant decrease in the concentration of viral RNA was also noted. When using complexes B, C, and D, the concentration of vRNA decreased on the first day by 14.5, 4.1, and 15 times, respectively. On the second day, a decrease in vRNA was observed in cells with B and D complexes by 17.1 and 18.3 times (p ≤ 0.05). Along with a decrease in the viral titer and vRNA, an increase in the expression of the IL-1β and IL-28β genes was observed on the first day when using all siRNA complexes relative to nonspecific and viral controls (p ≤ 0.05). On the second day, an increase was also observed in cells with A and D complexes, while on the third day, there was an increase in the expression of these genes in cells with complex D (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusions. The use of siRNA complexes is shown to have a pronounced antiviral effect while simultaneously suppressing the activity of cellular genes (FLT4, Nup98 and Nup205). In parallel, the transfection of complexes that block the formation of expression products necessary for viral reproduction is demonstrated to lead to an increase in the level of expression of the IL-1β and IL-28β genes. These results indicate not only that the use of siRNA has antiviral activity, but also immunomodulatory activity, which can contribute to a more effective immune response of the body.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цели. Оценить динамику уровня экспрессии генов IL-1β и IL-28β (IFN-λ3) в результате комплексного нокдауна некоторых клеточных генов, чьи продукты экспрессии играют важную роль в репродукции вируса гриппа.Методы. Вируссодержащую жидкость и клеточный лизат отбирали в течение 3-х дней с момента трансфекции и заражения и оценивали интенсивность вирусной репродукции методами титрования по цитопатическому действию. Концентрацию вирусной рибонуклеиновой кислоты (вРНК) и изменение экспрессии IL-1β и IL-28β (IFN-λ3) определяли методом обратной транскрипции и полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени (ОТ-ПЦР-РВ). Для вычисления статистически значимых различий между группами использовали непараметрический критерий Манна-Уитни.Результаты. Использование каждого комплекса малых интерферирующих РНК (миРНК) приводило к снижению вирусной репродукции на 1-е сутки при множественности заражения 0.001. Применение комплексов A (FLT4.2 + Nup98.1) и D (FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205) приводило к снижению вирусного титра на 2.8 lgТЦД50/мл и на 2.1 lgТЦД50/мл относительно применения неспецифической миРНК L2 и вирусного контроля (р ≤ 0.05). результате трансфекции комплексов B (Nup98.1 + Nup205) и C (FLT4.2 + Nup205) вирусный титр также снижался на 1.5 lgТЦД50/мл и 1.8 lgТЦД50/мл соответственно относительно неспецифической миРНК L2 и вирусного контроля (р ≤ 0.05). При проведении ОТ-ПЦР-РВ также было отмечено достоверное уменьшение концентрации вРНК. При использовании комплексов B, C и D концентрация вРНК снижалась на 1-е сутки в 14.5, 4.1 и 15.0 раз соответственно. На 2-е сутки в клетках с комплексами B и D наблюдалось уменьшение концентрации вРНК в 17.1 и 18.3 раз (р ≤ 0.05). Наряду со снижением вирусного титра и вРНК наблюдалось повышение экспрессии генов IL-1β и IL-28β на 1-е сутки при использовании всех комплексов миРНК относительно неспецифического и вирусного контроля (р ≤ 0.05). На 2-е сутки также наблюдалось повышение экспрессии в клетках с комплексами A и D, а на третьи – в клетках с комплексом D (р ≤0.05).Выводы. Исследование показало, что применение комплексов миРНК приводит к выраженному противовирусному эффекту при одновременном подавлении активности клеточных генов (FLT4, Nup98 и Nup205). Параллельно с этим было выявлено, что при трансфекции комплексов, блокирующих образование продуктов экспрессии, необходимых для вирусной репродукции, повышается уровень экспрессии генов IL-1β и IL-28β. Данные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что используемые миРНК обладают не только противовирусной, но также и иммуномодулирующей активностью, что способствует более эффективному иммунному ответу организма.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>РНК-интерференция</kwd><kwd>IL-1β</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа А</kwd><kwd>IFN-λ3</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>миРНК</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>IL-28β</kwd><kwd>вирусная РНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>RNA interference</kwd><kwd>IL-1β</kwd><kwd>influenza A virus</kwd><kwd>IFN-λ3</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>siRNA</kwd><kwd>pro-inflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>IL-28β</kwd><kwd>viral RNA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено с использованием научного оборудования Центра коллективного пользования Научно-исследовательского института вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, соглашение № 075-15-2021-676 от 28.07.2021.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out using the scientific equipment of the Center for Collective Use of the I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, and supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Agreement No. 075-15-2021-676 dated July 28, 2021.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пашков Е.А., Коротышева М.О., Пак А.В., Файзулоев Е.Б., Сидоров А.В., Поддубиков А.В., Быстрицкая Е.П., Дронина Ю.Е., Солнцева В.К., Зайцева Т.А., Пашков Е.П., Быков А.С., Свитич О.А., Зверев В.В. 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