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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-1-5-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-183</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>METABOLISM AND MECHANISM OF TOXICITY OF SELENIUM-CONTAINING SUPPLEMENTS USED FOR OPTIMIZING HUMAN SELENIUM STATUS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МЕТАБОЛИЗМ И МЕХАНИЗМ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ СЕЛЕНСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ ДЕФИЦИТА МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТА СЕЛЕНА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полубояринов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluboyarinov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Инженерная экология»</p><p>Россия, 440028, г. Пенза, ул. Германа Титова, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Head of the Chair “Engineering Ecology”</p><p>28, Germana Titova st., Penza, 440028, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poluboyarinovpavel@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елистратов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elistratov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор</p><p>Россия, 440033, г. Пенза, ул. Калинина, 116-а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director</p><p>116a, Kalinina st., Penza, 440033, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швец</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvets</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор химических наук, академик РАН, профессор кафедры биотехнологии и промышленной фармации Института тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>Россия. 119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Chemistry), Academician of the RAS, Professor of the Chair of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies,</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пензенский государственный университет архитектуры и строительства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Penza State University of Architecture and Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Парафарм»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Parafarm” Ltd</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий имени М.В. Ломоносова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA - Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Poluboyarinov P.A., Elistratov D.G., Shvets V.I., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полубояринов П.А., Елистратов Д.Г., Швец В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poluboyarinov P.A., Elistratov D.G., Shvets V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/183">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/183</self-uri><abstract><p>The work presents a review devoted to the metabolism and the mechanism of toxicity of seleniumcontaining supplements: elemental selenium, sodium selenite, diacetophenonyl selenide, selenopyrane, ebselen, dimethyl dipyrasolyl selenide and selenium-containing amino acids used for correction of selenium deficiency. Elemental selenium penetrating through cell walls, but not through transport channels demonstrates poorly predicted and difficultly regulated bioavailability. Sodium selenate is known to be the most toxic form of selenium in food. The metabolism of xenobiotic diacetophenonyl selenide resembles that of sodium selenide. The xenobiotic reacts with thiols, for instance, with the reduced form of glutathione leading to the formation of hydrogen selenide. Ebselen is not considered to be a well bioavailable form of selenium and thus possesses low toxicity. Xenobiotic selenopyrane eliminates selenium only in processes of xenobiotic liver exchange, and in our investigations - partially in acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The metabolism of xenobiotic dimethyl dipyrasolyl selenide having low toxicity is poorly investigated. The toxicity of high doses of selenomethionine is determined by the possibility of incorporation in proteins and vitally important enzymes with dramatic changes of protein quaternary structure. The toxicity of high doses of methylselenocysteine seems to be caused by the lack of an exchange pool in the body and quick regeneration of hydrogen selenide from methylselenol which is formed as a result of enzymatic destruction of this amino acid. Also the issue of the most prospect selenium donor is discussed. The physiological compatibility, the low toxicity, the presence of an exchangeable pool in the organism, the antioxidantal properties and the simplicity of production indicate selenocystine as an optimal selenium donor.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Приведены обзор литературы и результаты собственных исследований, посвященных метаболизму и механизму токсичности селенсодержащих препаратов: элементного селена, селенита натрия, диацетофенонилселенида, селенопирана, эбселена, диметилдипиразолилселенида и селенсодержащих аминокислот, используемых для коррекции дефицита селена. Элементный селен обладает труднорегулируемой и труднопрогнозируемой биодоступностью, проникая через клеточные стенки, а не по транспортным каналам клетки. Селенит натрия является наиболее токсичным, плохо совестимым с компонентами пищи и малоуправляемым соединением селена. Ксенобиотик диацетофенонилселенид, в целом, имеет схожий с селенитом натрия механизм метаболизма, взаимодействуя с тиолами, например с восстановленным глутатионом, с образованием селеноводорода. Эбселен не является биодоступным источником селена и поэтому малотоксичен. Считается, что ксенобиотик селенопиран может элиминировать селен только в процессах ксенобиотического обмена печени, однако, как показано в наших исследованиях - частично и в процессе кислотно-катализируемого гидролиза. Отмечается малое число исследований, посвященных метаболизму малотоксичного ксенобиотика диметилдипиразолилселенида. Токсичность избытка селенометионина определяется в первую очередь некорректным включением в белки и жизненно важные ферменты, т.е. связана с изменением пространственной структуры белка. Токсичность избытка метилселеноцистеина определяется, по-видимому, отсутствием обменного пула в организме и быстрой генерацией селеноводорода из метилселенола, который образуется при ферментативном расщеплении аминокислоты. Также рассматривается концепция выбора оптимального донора микроэлемента селена. По совокупности таких свойств, как полная физиологическая совместимость, низкая токсичность, наличие обменного пула в организме, антиоксидантных свойств и простота производства, определен оптимальный донор селена -аминокислота селеноцистин.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селен</kwd><kwd>селенодефицит</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>селеноцистин</kwd><kwd>элементный селен</kwd><kwd>селенит натрия</kwd><kwd>селенометионин</kwd><kwd>диацетофенонилселенид</kwd><kwd>эбселен</kwd><kwd>селенопиран</kwd><kwd>диметилдипиразолилселенид</kwd><kwd>метилселеноцистеин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>selenium</kwd><kwd>selenium deficiency</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>selenocystine</kwd><kwd>elemental selenium</kwd><kwd>sodium selenite</kwd><kwd>selenomethionine</kwd><kwd>diacetophenonyl selenide</kwd><kwd>ebselen</kwd><kwd>selenopyrane</kwd><kwd>dimethyl dipyrasolyl selenide</kwd><kwd>methylselenocystine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behn D., Weiss-Nowak C., Kalcklosch M., Westphal C., Gessner H., Kyriakopoulos A. 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