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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2021-16-3-199-212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-1708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL BASIS OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Development of an encapsulation process for toxic waste and hazardous chemicals in a fluidized bed</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка процесса инкапсуляции токсичных отходов и опасных химических веществ в псевдоожиженном слое</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8796-124X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елеев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eleev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елеев Юрий Александрович, к.т.н., доцент, начальник отдела</p><p>111024, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Eleev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor, Head of Department</p><p>23, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111024 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2553215@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-5137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богоявленская</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogoyavlenskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богоявленская Юлия Сергеевна, научный сотрудник</p><p>111024, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Bogoyavlenskaya, Researcher</p><p>23, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111024 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dir@gosniiokht.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2369-5648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухан</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhan</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глухан Елена Николаевна, д.т.н., доцент, советник генерального директора</p><p>111024, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 23</p><p>Scopus Author ID 8706397600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Glukhan, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor, Adviser of Director General</p><p>23, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111024</p><p>Scopus Author ID 8706397600 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dir@gosniiokht.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-4003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головков</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovkov</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головков Владимир Федорович, д.х.н., главный научный сотрудник</p><p>111024, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 23</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7005127502</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir F. Golovkov, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Chief Researcher</p><p>23, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111024</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7005127502 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dir@gosniiokht.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-1072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasiev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Владимир Васильевич, к.т.н., заместитель начальника отдела</p><p>111024, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Afanasiev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy Head of Department</p><p>23, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111024 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dir@gosniiokht.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научно-исследовательский институт органической химии и технологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Eleev Y.A., Bogoyavlenskaya Y.S., Glukhan E.N., Golovkov V.F., Afanasiev V.V., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Елеев Ю.А., Богоявленская Ю.С., Глухан Е.Н., Головков В.Ф., Афанасьев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eleev Y.A., Bogoyavlenskaya Y.S., Glukhan E.N., Golovkov V.F., Afanasiev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1708">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1708</self-uri><abstract><p>Objectives. This paper presents research results on the encapsulation of a fluidized bed of liquid and solid toxic waste containing chemicals with a hazard class of 1–3.Methods. Soils contaminated with hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexane were used as the seed material. Ceresin was selected as the encapsulant, which was sprayed onto the fluidized bed through a pneumatic nozzle at a temperature of 135°C. Before the spraying of the ceresin, binders were introduced into the fluidized bed of the seed material through pneumatic nozzles in the form of a melt of high-temperature coal-tar pitch and wastewater containing sodium and arsenic salts as well as heavy metal oxides. The experiments were carried out using a modified GLATT AGT-150 laboratory unit.Results. The results demonstrate that the mechanism for granule formation is a mixed mechanism. The binding of the seed material is carried out by both the pitch and salting out. In this case, the cavities in the agglomerates are partially filled with salt deposits, which increases the strength and integrity of the final product’s structure. Ranges for the process parameter values were established at the point at which there was no unwanted agglomeration in the fluidized bed, and dust formation did not exceed 5%. When the ratio of the bed mass to the mass of ceresin is equal to unity, a moisture-resistant free-flowing product of hazard class 5 is obtained, which is suitable for transportation and long-term storage. The average diameters of the initial particles and encapsulated granules were 0.5 and 1.5 mm, respectively.Conclusions. The present study demonstrates a potential process for the granulation– encapsulation of toxic waste and hazardous substances with a hazard class of 1–3 in a single fluid-bed apparatus, resulting in the formation of a moisture-resistant hazard class-5 granular product suitable for transportation and long-term storage. The results obtained can be used in the development of an industrial large-scale process for encapsulating waste of hazard classes 1–3.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цели. Исследование процесса инкапсуляции в условиях псевдоожиженного слоя жидких и твердых токсичных отходов, содержащих химические вещества 1–3 классов опасности.Методы. Для исследований в качестве затравочного материала использовался грунт, загрязненный гексахлорбензолом и гексахлорциклогексаном. Инкапсулянтом выступал церезин, который при температуре 135 °С распылялся в псевдоожиженный слой через пневматическую форсунку. Эксперименты осуществлялись на модифицированной лабораторной установке GLATT AGT-150. Перед распылением церезина в грунт через пневматические форсунки вводились связующие – плав высокотемпературного каменноугольного пека и сточные воды, содержащие соли натрия, мышьяка, а также оксиды тяжелых металлов.Результаты. Показано, что механизм гранулообразования носит смешанный характер. Связывание исходных частиц загрязненного грунта осуществляется как пеком, так и за счет высаливания. При этом полости в агломерате частично заполняются отложениями солей, что увеличивает прочность и целостность структуры конечного продукта. Установлены диапазоны значений управляющих параметров процесса, при которых в слое отсутствовала нежелательная агломерация, а пылеобразование не превышало 5%. При отношении массы слоя частиц (гранул) к массе поданного церезина, равном единице, получен влагоустойчивый сыпучий пригодный для транспортировки и длительного хранения продукт 5 класса опасности. Средние диаметры исходных частиц и капсулированных гранул соответственно составляют 0.5 мм и 1.5 мм.Выводы. Выполненные исследования показали принципиальную возможность проведения в одном аппарате процесса сушки-грануляции-капсулирования токсичных отходов и опасных химических веществ 1–3 классов опасности с образованием сыпучего продукта 5 класса опасности, обладающего влагоустойчивостью, а также пригодного для транспортировки и длительного хранения. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке промышленного крупнотоннажного процесса инкапсуляции отходов 1–3 классов опасности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стойкие органические загрязнители</kwd><kwd>тяжелые металлы</kwd><kwd>токсичные отходы</kwd><kwd>сточные воды</kwd><kwd>инкапсуляция</kwd><kwd>каменноугольный пек</kwd><kwd>церезин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>persistent organic pollutants</kwd><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>toxic wastes</kwd><kwd>wastewater</kwd><kwd>encapsulation</kwd><kwd>coal-tar pitch</kwd><kwd>ceresin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проводилась в рамках инициативных исследований за счет собственных средств ФГУП «ГосНИИОХТ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed through initiative research at the expense of GosNIIOKhT own funds.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang X., Li Y., Yan J. 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