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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chemicallytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Fine Chemical Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тонкие химические технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-6593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7575</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-6-56-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chemicallytech-1668</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИНТЕЗ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ПОЛИМЕРОВ И КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Change of electrical characteristics of rubber in the process of “swelling–deswelling”</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменение электрических характеристик резин в процессе «набухание-отбухание»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9949-8464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Людмила Александровна, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры химии и технологии переработки эластомеров имени Ф.Ф. Кошелева</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Kovaleva, Cand. of Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, F.F. Koshelev Department of Chemistry and Technology of Elastomer Processing</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovaleva-mitht@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-9808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>Н. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>N. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овсянников Николай Яковлевич, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры химии и технологии переработки эластомеров имени Ф.Ф. Кошелева</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Ya. Ovsyannikov, Cand. of Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, F.F. Koshelev Department of Chemistry and Technology of Elastomer Processing</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovsyannikov@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-9427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуев Антон Алексеевич, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры химии и технологии переработки эластомеров имени Ф.Ф. Кошелева; Scopus Author ID 56895792200</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Zuev, Cand. of Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, F.F. Koshelev Department of Chemistry and Technology of Elastomer Processing; Scopus Author ID 56895792200</p><p>86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonzuev76@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий имени М.В. Ломоносова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kovaleva L.A., Ovsyannikov N.Y., Zuev A.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалева Л.А., Овсянников Н.Я., Зуев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovaleva L.A., Ovsyannikov N.Y., Zuev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1668">https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1668</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The main indicator that determines electrical conductivity of rubbers is specific volumetric electrical resistance (ρv ). The purpose of this work is to investigate changes in this indicator during swelling and deswelling of electrically conductive rubbers. When considering the swelling process of rubbers in liquid media at a molecular level, an analogy of this process with mechanical deformation of the material is drawn and common features and differences of these processes are revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. For rubber compositions based on paraffinate and alkyl sulfonate nitrile butadiene rubbers, the degree of their swelling and the change in linear dimensions in heptane and in gasoline grades 80, 92, and 95 were determined. The ρ v value was determined by a potentiometric method: the initial value was measured after temperature control of rubbers for 1 h at 120°C, and the second measurement was carried out after these rubbers were swollen in the solvents for 48 h, followed by drying at 20°C to a constant weight and repeated temperature control under the same conditions. Using an IR Fourier spectrometer, spectra of the solvents used were obtained before and after identification of the investigated rubber samples in them.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was shown that the type of rubber and solvent used influence the degree of rubber swelling. Rubber compositions based on natural rubbers with a large amount of attached acrylonitrile, obtained in the presence of an alkyl sulfonate emulsifier, have the highest resistance to swelling. The effect of the used solvent on the change in the degree of swelling is determined by its affinity for rubber and the presence of polar additives that increase the octane number of gasoline. It was established that the linear change of the samples upon swelling in the indicated solvents varies according to the length and thickness of the samples. Results show that depending on the type of rubber used and the degree of its filling, the described rubber processing technology leads to a decrease in the ρ v value by 2 to 20 times. The greatest effect of ρ v reduction is observed in low-filled rubber compositions based on paraffinate nitrile rubbers. The spectra of the frustrated total internal reflection of the solvents after their interaction with the studied rubbers show that particulate extraction of dibutyl phthalate, which was used as a plasticizer in rubber compounding, takes place as a result of rubber swelling.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The proposed method of rubber processing reduces the ρ v value by removing dibutyl phthalate from the studied rubbers and forming a more developed carbon–elastomer structure. Furthermore, it solves the problem of the negative effect of the plasticizer on the ρ v value of rubber without excluding it from the rubber composition.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Основным показателем, определяющим электропроводность резин, является удельное объемное электросопротивление. Цель работы – исследовать изменения данного показателя при набухании и отбухании электропроводящих резин. При рассмотрении процесса набухания резин в жидких средах на молекулярном уровне проведена аналогия этого процесса с механической деформацией материала, выявлены общие черты и различия этих процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для резин на основе парафинатных и алкилсульфонатных бутадиен-нитрильных каучуков были определены степень их набухания и изменение линейных размеров в гептане, бензинах марок АИ-80, АИ-92, АИ-95. Удельное объемное электросопротивление определено потенциометрическим методом: исходное значение измерено после термостатирования резин в течение 1 ч при 120 °С, а повторное измерение проведено после набухания этих резин в растворителях в течение 48 ч с последующей сушкой при 20 °С до постоянной массы и повторного термостатирования при тех же условиях. C помощью ИК-спектрометра Фурье были получены спектры растворителей до и после нахождения в них исследованных резин.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что на степень набухания резин оказывает влияние тип используемого каучука и растворителя. Наибольшей стойкостью к набуханию обладают резины на основе каучуков с большим количеством присоединенного НАК, полученные в присутствии алкилсульфонатного эмульгатора. Влияние используемого растворителя на изменение степени набухания определяется его сродством к каучуку и наличием полярных добавок, повышающих октановое число бензина. Установлено, что изменение линейных размеров образцов при набухании в указанных растворителях различно по длине и толщине образца. Результаты измерения удельного объемного электросопротивления показали, что в зависимости от типа используемого каучука и степени его наполнения описанная технология обработки резины приводит к снижению данного показателя от 2 до 20 раз. Наибольший эффект снижения удельного объемного электросопротивления наблюдается у малонаполненных резин на основе парафинатных бутадиен-нитрильных каучуков. Представленные в работе спектры нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения растворителей после их взаимодействия с исследованными резинами показали, что в результате набухания резин происходит частичная экстракция из них дибутилфталата, использованного в рецептуре в качестве пластификатора.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Предложенный способ обработки резины позволяет снизить ее удельное объемное электросопротивление за счет удаления из нее дибутилфталата и формирования более развитой углерод-эластомерной структуры и решить проблему отрицательного влияния пластификатора на удельное объемное электросопротивление резин без исключения его из состава резиновой смеси.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>резина</kwd><kwd>удельное объемное электросопротивление</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd><kwd>степень набухания</kwd><kwd>изменение линейных размеров</kwd><kwd>кратность снижения</kwd><kwd>дибутилфталат</kwd><kwd>экстракция</kwd><kwd>развитая углерод-эластомерная структура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rubber</kwd><kwd>specific volume electrical resistance</kwd><kwd>deformation</kwd><kwd>degree of swelling</kwd><kwd>linear change</kwd><kwd>reduction factor</kwd><kwd>dibutyl phthalate</kwd><kwd>extraction</kwd><kwd>developed carbon–elastomer structure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been translated from Russian into English by H. Moshkov and edited for English language and spelling by Enago, an editing brand of Crimson Interactive Inc.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang L.H., Yang X., Gao J. Study on microstructure effect of carbon black particles in filled rubber composites. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2018;2018: Article ID 2713291. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2713291</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang L.H., Yang X., Gao J. Study on microstructure effect of carbon black particles in filled rubber composites. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2018;2018: Article ID 2713291. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2713291</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao M., Zheng F., Xu J., Zhang S., Bhosale S.S., Gu, J., Hong R. 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