chemicallytechFine Chemical TechnologiesТонкие химические технологии2410-65932686-7575MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-2-7-20chemicallytech-1592Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИPhotoalignment and photopatterning: New liquid crystal technology for displays and photonicsФотоориентация и фотопаттернинг: Новая жидкокристаллическая технология для дисплеев и фотоникиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-2555ЧигриновВ. Г.ChigrinovV. G.

Чигринов Владимир Григорьевич, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, почетный член Международного дисплейного общества

Scopus Author ID: 35601969500;  ResearcherID: I-7648-2013

18, Jiang-Wan-Yi-Lu, Chancheng, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000

Vladimir G. Chigrinov, Dr. of Sci. (Physics), Рrofessor, Honorary Member of the International Display Society

18, Jiang-Wan-Yi-Lu, Chancheng, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000

Scopus Author ID: 35601969500, ResearcherID: I-7648-2013

eechigr@ust.hkШкола физики и оптоэлектронного инжиниринга, Фошаньский УниверситетКитайSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan UniversityChina202019052020152720Copyright © Chigrinov V.G., 20202020Чигринов В.Г.Chigrinov V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1592Objectives

Objectives. Since the end of the 20th century, liquid crystals have taken a leading position as a working material for the display industry. In particular, this is due to the advances in the control of surface orientation in thin layers of liquid crystals, which is necessary for setting the initial orientation of the layer structure in the absence of an electric field. The operation of most liquid crystal displays is based on electro-optical effects, arising from the changes in the initial orientation of the layers when the electric field is turned on, and the relaxation of the orientation structure under the action of surfaces after the electric field is turned off. In this regard, the high quality of surface orientation directly affects the technical characteristics of liquid crystal displays. The traditional technology of rubbing substrates, currently used in the display industry, has several disadvantages associated with the formation of a static charge on the substrates and surface contamination with microparticles. This review discusses an alternative photoalignment technology for liquid crystals on the surface, using materials sensitive to polarization of electromagnetic irradiation. Also, this review describes various applications of photosensitive azo dyes as photo-oriented materials.

Results

Results. The alternative photoalignment technology, which employs materials sensitive to electromagnetic polarization, allows to create the orientation of liquid crystals on the surface without mechanical impact and to control the surface anchoring force of a liquid crystal. This provides the benefits of using the photoalignment technology in the display industry and photonics—where the use of the rubbing technology is extremely difficult. The optical image rewriting mechanism is discussed, using electronic paper with photo-inert and photoaligned surfaces as an example. Further, different ways of using the photoalignment technology in liquid crystal photonics devices that control light beams are described. In particular, we consider switches, controllers and polarization rotators, optical attenuators, switchable diffraction gratings, polarization image analyzers, liquid crystal lenses, and ferroelectric liquid crystal displays with increased operation speed.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The liquid crystal photoalignment and photopatterning technology is a promising tool for new display and photonics applications. It can be used for light polarization rotation; voltage controllable diffraction; fast switching of the liquid crystal refractive index; alignment of liquid crystals in super-thin photonic holes, curved and 3D surfaces; and many more applications.

Цели

Цели. С конца XX века жидкие кристаллы занимают лидирующее положение среди рабочих материалов для дисплейной индустрии. В частности, это стало возможным благодаря достижениям в области управления поверхностной ориентацией в тонких слоях жидких кристаллов, необходимой для задания исходной ориентационной структуры слоя в отсутствие электрического поля. Работа большинства жидкокристаллических дисплеев основана на электрооптических эффектах, возникающих за счет изменения исходной ориентации слоев при включении электрического поля и обратной релаксации ориентационной структуры под действием поверхностей после выключения электрического поля. По этой причине высокое качество поверхностной ориентации напрямую влияет на технические характеристики жидкокристаллических дисплеев. Используемая в настоящее время в дисплейной индустрии традиционная технологии натирания подложек имеет ряд недостатков, связанных с образованием на подложках статического заряда и загрязнением поверхности микрочастицами. В данном обзоре рассмотрена альтернативная технология фотоориентации жидких кристаллов на поверхности с использованием материалов, чувствительных к поляризации электромагнитного излучения. Также описаны различные приложения с использованием фоточувствительных азокрасителей в качестве фотоориентируемых материалов.

Результаты

Результаты. Альтернативная технология фотоориентации позволяет создавать ориентацию жидких кристаллов на поверхности без механического воздействия, а также контролировать силу сцепления жидкого кристалла с поверхностью подложек. Это обеспечивает преимущество использования технологии фотоориентации в дисплейной индустрии и в фотонике, где применение технологии натирания крайне затруднительно. На примере электронной бумаги с фотоинертной и фоточувствительной поверхностями рассмотрен механизм оптической перезаписи изображения. Описаны различные варианты использования технологии фотоориентации в жидкокристаллических устройствах фотоники, обеспечивающих управление световыми пучками. В частности, рассмотрены переключатели, контроллеры и вращатели поляризации, оптические аттенюаторы, переключаемые дифракционные решетки, поляризационные анализаторы изображения, жидкокристаллические линзы, а также ферроэлектрические жидкокристаллические дисплеи с повышенным быстродействием.

Выводы

Выводы. Технология фотоориентации и фотопаттернинга жидких кристаллов является многообещающей для новых приложений в области дисплеев и фотоники. Технология может быть использована для вращения поляризации света; дифракции, управляемой напряжением; быстрого переключения показателя преломления жидкого кристалла; ориентации жидких кристаллов в супертонких фотонных дырах, на искривленных и 3D поверхностях; и многого другого. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.