chemicallytechFine Chemical TechnologiesТонкие химические технологии2410-65932686-7575MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-4-45-58chemicallytech-1284Research ArticleANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGYАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В ХИМИИ И ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИThe determination of the origin of natural bitumen in mummifying resins of Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine ArtsОпределение происхождения природного битума в мумифицирующих смолах древнеегипетских мумий из собрания ГМИИ им. А.С. ПушкинаЯцишинаЕ. Б.YatsishinaE. B.

кандидат философских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе 

Scopus Author ID 55062074900

123182, Россия, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, д.1

Cand. of Sci. (Philosophy), Deputy Director 

Scopus Author ID 55062074900

1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia

Yatsishina_EB@nrcki.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-4374ПожидаевВ. М.PozhidaevV. M.

кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела Биотехнологии и Биоэнергетики 

Scopus Author ID 7004257999

123182, Россия, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, д.1

Cand. of Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Department of Biotechnology and Bioenergy 

Scopus Author ID 7004257999

1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia

pojidaev2006@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-8346ВасильеваО. А.VasilyevaO. A.

кандидат исторических наук, начальник отдела

119019, Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 12

Cand. of Sci. (History),Head of Department

12, Volkhonka ul., Moscow, 119019, Russia

vassilievagmii@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2084-1881ДюжеваО. П.DyuzhevaO. P.

кандидат искусствоведения, старший научный сотрудник

119019, Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 12

Cand. of Sci. (Art History), Senior Researcher

12, Volkhonka ul., Moscow, 119019, Russia

olga.dyuzheva@arts-museum.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-8800СергееваЯ. Э.SergeevaYa. E.

кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела Биотехнологии и Биоэнергетики 

ResearсherID M-2766-2014,

Scopus Author ID: 12784841000

123182, Россия, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, д.1

Cand. of Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Department of Biotechnology and Bioenergy

ResearсherID M-2766-2014,

Scopus Author ID: 12784841000

1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia

yanaes2005@gmail.comРетивовВ. М.RetivovV. M.

кандидат химических наук, главный химик, заведующий аналитическим испытательным центром, руководитель 

SPIN-код 5544-5600,

Scopus Author ID 26029517500,

ResearcherID A-6077-2014

107076, Россия, Москва, Богородский Вал, д. 3

Cand. of Sci. (Chemistry),Chief Chemist, Head of Analytical Testing Center,Head 

SPINcode 5544-5600,

Scopus Author ID 26029517500,

ResearcherID A-6077-2014

3, Bogorodskii Val, Moscow, 107076, Russia

 

retivov_vm@irea.org.ruТерещенкоЕ. Ю.TereschenkoE. Yu.

кандидат физико-математических наук, заместитель начальника лаборатории Естественно-научных методов в гуманитарных науках;

старший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгеновских методов анализа и синхротронного излучения

123182, Россия, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, д. 1

119333, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр., д. 59

Scopus Author ID 7801407652 

ResearcherID A-8731-2014

Cand. of Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Deputy Head, Laboratory of Natural-Scientific Methods in the Humanities;

Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation

1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia

59, Leninskii pr., Moscow 119333, Russia

Scopus Author ID 7801407652,

ResearcherID A-8731-2014

helena.tereschenko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-6047КуликоваИ. С.KulikovaI. S.

инженер ресурсного центра

123182, Россия, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, д.1

Engineer, Resource Center

1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia

kef-irka08@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-4142ВащенковаЕ. С.VaschenkovaE. S.

заместитель заведующего аналитическим испытательным центром

107076, Россия, Москва, Богородский Вал, д. 3

Deputy Head of the Analytical Testing Center

3, Bogorodskii Val, Moscow, 107076, Russia

e_katerina2708@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-6286КожуховаЕ. И.KozhukhovaE. I.

младший научный сотрудник аналитического испытательного центра

107076, Россия, Москва, Богородский Вал, д. 3

Junior Researcher, Analytical Testing Center

3, Bogorodskii Val, Moscow, 107076, Russia

evgeshapanarina@gmail.comНациональный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»РоссияNational Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”Russian FederationГосударственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А.С. ПушкинаРоссияThe Pushkin State Museum of Fine ArtsRussian FederationИнститут химических реактивов и особо чистых химических веществ Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт»РоссияInstitute of Chemical Reagents and High Purity Chemical Substances of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” (NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – IREA)Russian FederationНациональный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»; Институт кристаллографии имени А.В. Шубникова ФНИЦ «Кристаллография и фотоника» РАНРоссияNational Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”; A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2019310820191444558Copyright © Yatsishina E.B., Pozhidaev V.M., Vasilyeva O.A., Dyuzheva O.P., Sergeeva Y.E., Retivov V.M., Tereschenko E.Y., Kulikova I.S., Vaschenkova E.S., Kozhukhova E.I., 20192019Яцишина Е.Б., Пожидаев В.М., Васильева О.А., Дюжева О.П., Сергеева Я.Э., Ретивов В.М., Терещенко Е.Ю., Куликова И.С., Ващенкова Е.С., Кожухова Е.И.Yatsishina E.B., Pozhidaev V.M., Vasilyeva O.A., Dyuzheva O.P., Sergeeva Y.E., Retivov V.M., Tereschenko E.Y., Kulikova I.S., Vaschenkova E.S., Kozhukhova E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1284

This work presents the results of a study of the resins of seven Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts using a complex of analytical methods: gas chromatography, atomic emission and mass spectrometry. Natural bitumen and beeswax were identified in the resins using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Based on the results of hydrocarbon distribution in the profiles of n-alkanes in the resin coatings of the mummies and naturally occurring bitumen, it was assumed that the Dead Sea bitumen was used. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry studies of mummy resins in the selected ion mode (m/z 217 and 191) provided additional evidence of the bitumen’s geographic origin. Atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used as a means to determine the content of microelements. Vanadium, nickel and molybdenum were found in the tar of five mummies. The determined relative amounts of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum in the resins of the studied mummies showed a good correlation with the available data on the content of these elements in the Dead Sea bitumen, as well as the Fayum mummy resin based on this bitumen. The advantages of using the method of identifying bitumen in mummy resins based on relative content of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum were revealed.

В работе представлены результаты исследования составов смол семи древнеегипетских мумий из коллекции Государственного музея изобразительных искусств имени А.С. Пушкина с применением комплекса аналитических методов: газовой хроматографии (ГХ), атомно-эмиссионной и масс-спектрометрии (МС). Методом ГХ–МС в них идентифицированы природный битум и пчелиный воск. По результатам распределений углеводородов в профилях н-алканов в смоляных покрытиях мумий и природных битумов высказано предположение об использовании битума Мертвого моря. Дополнительные доказательства географического происхождения битума получены ГХ–МС-исследованием смол мумий в режиме мониторинга заданных ионов (m/z 217 и 191). Методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой определено содержание микроэлементов и показано, что в смолах пяти мумий присутствуют ванадий, никель и молибден. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об удовлетворительной корреляции их с литературными данными по содержанию указанных элементов в битуме Мертвого моря и смоле Фаюмской мумии на основе этого битума. Выявлены преимущества использования метода идентификации битума в смолах мумий по относительному содержанию ванадия, никеля и молибдена.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.