chemicallytechFine Chemical TechnologiesТонкие химические технологии2410-65932686-7575MIREA – Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA).10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-4-5-35chemicallytech-101Research ArticleCHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF INORGANIC MATERIALSХИМИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВSTRUCTURAL DYNAMICS OF FREE MOLECULES AND CONDENSED STATE OF MATTER. Part II. TRANSIENT STRUCTURES IN CHEMICAL REACTIONSСТРУКТУРНАЯ ДИНАМИКА СВОБОДНЫХ МОЛЕКУЛ И КОНДЕНСИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА. Часть II. ПЕРЕХОДНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ В ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАКЦИЯХИщенкоА. А.IschenkoA. A.

доктор химических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой аналитической химии им. И.П. Алимарина

119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86

Dr.Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Head of Alimarin Department of Analytical Chemistry

86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119571, Russia

aischenko@yasenevo.ruТарасовЮ. И.TarasovY. I.

доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой физики и технической механики

119571, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 86

Dr.Sci. (Phys.-Mathematics), Professor, Head of Department of Physics and Technical Mechanics,

86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119571, Russia

noemail@neicon.ruШеферЛ.SchäferL.

профессор, Факультет химии и биохимии,

Фэйтвилл, 72701, Арканзас, США

Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A., AR72701

noemail@neicon.ruМосковский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова)РоссияMoscow Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)Russian FederationУниверситет штата АрканзасРоссияUniversity of ArkansasRussian Federation201728082017124535Copyright © Ischenko A.A., Tarasov Y.I., Schäfer L., 20172017Ищенко А.А., Тарасов Ю.И., Шефер Л.Ischenko A.A., Tarasov Y.I., Schäfer L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.finechem-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/101

Basic knowledge of mankind so far relates to the description of electrons and atoms in the material in a state of equilibrium, where the behavior changes slowly over time. The electron diffraction with a high temporal and space resolution has opened the possibility of direct observation of the processes occurring in the transient state of the substance (molecular movie). Here it is necessary to provide a temporary resolution of the order of 100 fs, which corresponds to the transition of the system through the energy barrier of the potential surface, which describes the chemical reaction - the process of the breaking and the formation of new bonds between the interacting agents. Thus, the possibility of the investigation of the coherent nuclear dynamics of molecular systems and the condensed matter can be opened. In the past two decades, it has been possible to observe the nuclear motion in the temporal interval corresponding to the period of the nuclear oscillation. The observed coherent changes in the nuclear system at such temporal intervals determine the fundamental shift from the standard kinetics of chemical reactions to the dynamics of the phase trajectory of a single molecule, the molecular quantum state tomography.

Базовые знания человечества до сих пор относятся к описанию электронов и атомов в веществе, находящемся в состоянии равновесия, или близком к равновесию и медленно изменяющемуся во времени. В то же время известно, что химические реакции носят динамический характер, а элементарный акт химической реакции происходит в фемтосекундном временном интервале. Дифракция электронов с высоким временным и пространственным разрешением открыла возможность прямого наблюдения процессов, происходящих в переходном состоянии вещества (молекулярный фильм). Здесь необходимо обеспечить временное разрешение порядка 100 фс, что соответствует переходу системы через энергетический барьер поверхности потенциальной энергии, который описывает химическую реакцию - процесс разрушения и образования новых связей взаимодействующих реагентов. Таким образом, может быть раскрыта возможность исследования когерентной ядерной динамики молекулярных систем и конденсированного состояния вещества, включая его экстремальные состояния. За последние два десятилетия было возможно наблюдать движение ядер в молекулах во временном интервале, соответствующем периоду их колебаний. Наблюдаемые когерентные изменения в ядерной системе в такие временные интервалы определяют фундаментальный переход от стандартной кинетики химических реакций к динамике фазовой траектории отдельной молекулы, томографии молекулярного квантового состояния.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.